76 
FOURTEENTH REPORT. 
SECONDARY SPECIES. 
Ch ciiopod i u in ca pi ta i u m. 
Chcnopodi u in album. 
Chcnopod in-in hybrid u in. 
Amaranth us ret rof earns. 
Hetaria riridis. 
Halida </o canadensis. 
. f star n o vac-a ngli ac. 
Aster spp. 
Heir pus cyperinus pelius. 
Bidenis vulgata. 
Polygonum amphibian!. 
INVADING SPECIES. 
Copulas gi a n d idea tala. 
Copulas tremuloides. 
Ctrr is aquilina. 
Primus scroti na. 
Cedilla alba papyrifera. 
Larix laricina. 
Th uja occidentalis. 
Primus pen nsylcan icci. 
Acer saccharum. 
Arabia his pi da. 
K ubus idaeus aculeatissimus. 
Rub us allegheniensis. 
'The Bramble Association. 
This association of plants growing on burnt and on cleard land lias 
become more extensive since the inroads of man. It consists of a dense 
growth of red raspberry ( Rub us idaeus aculeatissimus) and blackberry 
( /tubus allegheniensis) in which a considerable amount of fireweed may 
often be present. In general this association does not occur on pine 
land or on other land that has been severely burnt out. It is best de- 
velopt on cleared hardwood land or after the slashing of Pioea-Abics 
territory. It is not usually so well developt on these soil types when 
the former vegetation was burnt off. It also occurs to a limited extent 
on cleard or burnt bog land. The secondary species that accompany 
it are for the most part relics, persisting from the previous association 
and invaders of the tree types that are to follow. 
List of the Species of the Bramble Association : 
DOMINANT SPECIES. 
Rubies idaeus aculeatissimus. Primus virginiana. 
Primus pennsyluanica. Ribes cynosbati. 
Rubiis al Icghcniensis. 
SECONDARY SPECIES. 
Ha in b ucus racem osa. 
Cirsium muticum. 
Eupaiorium pcrfoliat urn. 
, 1 naplialis margaritacea. 
Mentha arrensis canadensis. 
Ceum tri forum. 
J uncus tenuis. 
Ran unculus hispidus. 
Ranunculus septentrionalis. 
Po lygo nu m cil inode. 
Holidago canadensis. - 
V crimson m th a ps us. 
E p Ho bin m col ora turn. 
