ns 
FOURTEENTH REPORT. 
1. Elevation to the extent of several thousand feet above the present 
level, corresponding to the Glacial Epoch. 
-• Depression to several hundred feet below the present level, corres- 
ponding to the Champlain Epoch. 
3. Reelevation to the present level, corresponding to the Terrace 
Epoch and later time. 
Upham* voiced the prevailing sentiment when he attributed status 
1 to secular contraction with intermittent yielding of a partially rigid 
crust ; status 2 to breakdown of the arch from weight of ice and status 
3 to relief of load from the melting. 
According to Dana.f the “upward, downward and again upward move- 
ments of the crust in the Quaternary age. corresponding to the Glacial, 
Champlain and Recent periods, affected the higher latitudes of the 
northern hemisphere <>n all its sides." and die continues) “it is probable 
that these movements of the northern hemisphere were attended by 
parallel movements in the southern.” 
It does not seem to have occurred to him to wonder how such vast 
vertical movements could be simultaneous over such large portions of 
the area of the globe. The movements which he believed went on at the 
same time in the southern hemisphere are spoken of as “parallel,” not 
compensatory. Supposedly, for one part of the crust to rise, since it 
must do so by virtue of gravitation, some other part must sink. It 
would seem that any terrestrial distortion must take this course, even 
if of tidal origin. 
Now it so happens, in spite of this seeming oversight, that Professor 
Dana's opinion is susceptible to very remarkable substantiation, so that 
it becomes increasingly probable that the movements referred to had in 
reality a world wide distribution and were truly “parallel” and simul- 
taneous and not compensatory, only they do not seem to have been 
movements of just the sort that he contemplated. The evidence upon 
these points, bearing upon the relation of the hydrosphere to the litho- 
sphere, is simple and direct and is of two kinds; we have (A) the purely 
geological data, including for convenience the bathymetrical also, and 
we have (B) a mass of data in connection with the geographical 
distribution of plants and animals in this and other geological times. 
It may not be improper to anticipate at this point sufficiently to remark 
that the geological evidence indicates a former greater emergence of 
many lands above the sea than obtains at the present time and that the 
biological evidence forms a secondary line supporting the first. 
*Upham, Warren, “Probable Causes of Glaciation/’ Appendix A, Wright's “The Ice Age in North 
America,” 1889. 
Upham, “Kpeirogenic Movements Associated with Glaciation.” Am. Jour. Sci., Ser. 3, vol. xlvi, 
1893, pp. 114-121. 
Upham. “Causes and Conditions of Glaciation.” 
1 Am. Geologist, vol. xiv, July 1894, pp. 12-19. 
Upham, “Evidence of Kpeirogenic Movements Causing and Terminating the Ice Age.” Bull. 
Geol. Soc. Am., vol. 10, 1899, pp. 5-10. 
fDana, James D., “Manual of Geology,” 1876, p. 746. 
