WINTER-KILLING OF BOB-WHITES 
49 
necked Pheasant to Withstand Cold and Hunger, Wilson 
Bull,, 51: 22-37, 
Errington, Paul L, and F. N, Hamerstrom, Jr. 
1936. The Northern Bob- white’s Winter Territory. Iowa Agr. 
Expt. Station Research Bull. 201: 301-443. 
Gerstell, Richard 
1939. Certain Mechanics of Winter Quail Losses Revealed by 
Laboratory Experimentation. Trans. North Amer. Wild- 
life Conf., 4: 462-467. Amer. Wildlife Institute. 
Leopold, Aldo 
1937. The Effect of the Winter of 1935-36 on Wisconsin Quail. 
Amer. Midi, Nat,, 18: 408-416. 
Scott, Thomas G. 
1937, Snow-killing of the Bob-white. Wilson Bull,, 49: 21-27 
Trautman, Milton B., William E. Bills, and Edward L. Wickliff 
1939. Winter Losses from Starvation and Exposure of Water- 
fowl and Upland Game Birds in Ohio and Other Northern 
States. Wilson Bull., 51: 86-104, 
Wade, Douglas E, 
1938. Death is Upon Them: The Record of a Weather Killed 
Bob-white Covey. Bird-Lore, 40: 7-10. 
GENERAL NOTES 
Caspian Tern in Western Iowa. In Vol. X of 'Iowa Bird Life’ I 
reported having seen a Caspian Tern ( flyttroprof/nc caxp id tin p e rat it r ) 
at Lake Manawa, Pottawattamie County, Iowa, on June 9, 1940. As 
I have always considered it to be of uncommon occurrence here in the 
past, the following new records may be of interest. On September 9. 
1940, I saw three; on May 20, 1941, I saw seven; on July 1, 1941, I 
saw one; and on July 5. 1941, I saw five — all at Lake Manawa. DuMont 
(1933) lists the bird as uncommon, and unrecorded from the western 
part of the state. The 10 specimens in the Coe College Museum and 
the six in the University of Iowa collection were all taken in the fall. 
The birds seen here would be better classed as summer stragglers than 
fall migrants, as even my latest date of September 9 is more nearly a 
summer than a fall date.— BRUCE F. STILES, Council Bluffs, Iowa. 
A Summer Record of the American Merganser. On June 23 and 
July 5, 1941, I saw' a male American Merganser (Mcrtjitx mcrf/ansfir amcri- 
rmnixj on Lake Manawa, Pottawattamie County, Iowa. The bird is 
common in migration and winters regularly, sometimes in flocks of 
seveial bundled; but T know of no other summer record for this region. 
Roberts, in his ‘Birds of Minnesota’, says: “ . , . . there is reason to 
believe that it once nested in limited numbers as far south as the Iowa 
line . Wells W, Cooke (1838) stated that it had been found breeding 
in northern Iowa, While I do not think my record was of a breeding 
bird, I do think that with the degree of protection now afforded, we 
need not expect our list of breeding ducks to remain static.— BRUCE 
F. STILES, Council Bluffs, Iowa. 
Correction.— Through inadvertency of authors and editor, the sci- 
entific name of the Baldpate in the last issue of ‘Iowa Bird Life’, p. 
26, was given as nttmlrhismuM xtrrptnm (which is the name for the Gad- 
wall) instead of Marmi unn-ricana. Readers will please correct this 
transposition of scientific names. 
Noel J. Williams asks us to correct a line in his note on Swainson’s 
Hawks in the June Issue, p. 35 (fourth line from bottom of page) to 
read that migrant hawks in flock# are not common in his locality; migrant 
hawks are common there, but not in flocks. 
