130 
Psyche 
[August 
Calliphora erythrocephala occasionally multiplies in an unusual 
way, and that this way is not polyembryony but pedogenesis. 
At the appropriate season it is planned to conduct an in- 
vestigation of the maggots of Calliphora to ascertain whether 
they contain parthenogenetic eggs or young. If they do, the 
blow-fly will constitute another instance among insects of 
pedogenesis. The original and best known case of this kind is 
that of the fly Miastor and its allies discovered by Wagner (1862, 
1865) and studied by Kahle (1908) and by Felt (1911). Less clear 
is the case of Chironomus reported by Gtimm (1870) and of its 
near ally Tanytarsus observed by Johannsen (1910). All these 
are Dipterans but within a few years Barber (1913a, 1913b) has 
claimed an instance, Micromalthus, among the beetles. The 
wingless female aphids must also be regarded as pedogenetic. 
Possibly this form of reproduction is more generally spread 
among insects than was originally supposed. 
References. 
Barber, H. S. 
1913a. Observations on the Life History of Micromal- 
thus debilis Lee. Proc. Entom. Soc., Washington, vol. 
15, pp. 31-38. 
Barber, H. S. 
1913b. The Remarkable Life-History of a New Family 
(Micromalthidse) of Beetles. Proc. Biol. Soc., Wash- 
ington, vol. 26, pp. 185-190. 
Felt, E. P. 
1911. Miastor and Embryology. Science, vol. 33, 
pp. 302-303. 
Grimm, O. 
1870. Die ungeschlechtliche Fortpflanzung einer Chi- 
ronomus-Art und deren Entwicklung aus dem unbe- 
fruchteten Ei. Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci., St. Petersbourg, 
ser. 7, tome 15, no. 8. 
