176 
Psyche 
[August 
specimens of the typical F. fusca, while the other, represented 
by four workers, is undoubtedly our common North American 
F. ( Proformica ) neogagales Emery subsp. lasioicles Emery, or 
rather a slightly darker form approaching the var. vetula Wheeler. 
It seems probable that both these Formicas reached Dumaguete 
(lat. 9° 30' N.) from the United States, in merchandise imported 
for the Silliman Institute, at which Dr. Chapman and several 
other Americans are teaching. 
The actual occurrence of Formica species among the tropical 
ant fauna is of interest in connection with the composition of 
certain fossil faunas like that of the Baltic Amber, which is of 
Lower Oligocene Tertiary age. This fauna consisted to a con- 
siderable extent of tropical genera like Tetraponera, Iridomyrmex, 
Oecophylla, Dimorphomyrmex, Gesomyrmex, Pseudolasius, etc., 
but, as I have shown (1914), it also comprised several species of 
Formica and notably one, F. flori Mayr, which is very closely 
related to the existing F. fusca. It seemed to me that in the 
ancient Samland these Formicas must have lived at a greater 
elevation than the tropical genera, but the existence of For- 
micas at sea-level in the Philippines seems to indicate that even 
during lower Oligocene times what is now a north temperate 
ant-genus may have shared the same habitat as the various 
tropical forms. 
Literature. 
1903 Bingham, C. T. On the Hymenoptera collected by W. L. 
Distant in the Transvaal, South Africa, with Descriptions 
of Supposed New Species. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 
12, 1903, pp. 46-69. 
1909. Emery, C. Beitrage zur Monographie der Formiciden des 
palaarktischen Faunengebietes VII. Deutsch. Ent. 
Zeitschr. 1909, pp. 179-204. 
1906. F orel, A. Les Fourmis de L’Himalaya. Bull. Soc. Vaud. 
Sc. Nat, (5) 42, 1906, pp. 79-94. 
1910. Forel, A. Glanures Myrmecologiques. Ann. Soc. Ent. 
Belg. 54, 1910, pp. 6-32. 
