196 
Psyche 
[October- December 
Another of the 16 nests which was taken on September 11, 
1922, contained (1) 31 males and about 50 workers of Bremus 
impatiens ; (2) many adults and larvae of Antherophagus; (3) 
a large number of spiny, dipterous larvae (probably those of 
Fannia); and (4) numerous pseudo-scorpions ( Chelanops sanborni 
Hagen (det. Mr. Nathan Banks). Afewof these pseudo-scor- 
pions were also found in one of the a finis nests. Mr. Nathan 
Banks has informed me that Chelanops sanborni is frequently 
found attached to the appendages of insects, especially those of 
Diptera. This fact, together with the fact that all 3 nests in 
which these pseudo-scorpions occurred, were at least 3 ft. below 
the surface of the ground, and had exceptionally long tunnels, 
suggests that Chelanops, like the beetles of the genus Anthero- 
phagus, gets into bumblebee nests by phoresy (cf. Wheeler, 1919). 
Franklin (1912/13, I, p. 313) states that in the large nest 
of Bremus impatiens taken by him, the majority of the cells 
seemed to be entirely separate from one another. This was the 
case with most of the 8 Bremus affinis nests which I took, but 
it was not true of any of the 16 impatiens nests. 
In addition to the main tunnel, which was about l l /i inches 
in diameter, 3 of the most populous nests also had a narrower 
tunnel, about | inch in diameter, leading to the nest from the 
side opposite the main tunnel. Through this narrow tunnel, 
probably made by the bees themselves, nesting material was 
dragged in. In Europe, Wagner (1907, p. 11) found a similar 
narrow, secondary tunnel in connection with a nest of Bremus 
lapidarius, and concluded that it was constructed by the queen. 
However it seems more likely that this passage, if made by the 
bees, is excavated by the workers, and that it probably also 
serves as a ventilating shaft, for Bremus lapidarius, like Bremus 
impatiens, frequently has very populous colonies. 
A prosperous Bremus impatiens colony stores a considerable 
quantity of honey and pollen. The latter, as in the case of 
Bremus affinis, is sometimes stored in pollen cylinders. 
In the vicinity of Boston, the queens of Bremus impatiens 
appear in large numbers in May, and most colonies are probably 
