226 
Psyche 
[October-December 
NOTES ON LI VI A MACULIPENNIS (FITCH) (HOMOP- 
TERA; CHERMID^E) 
By Harry B. Weiss and Erdman West 
Highland Park, N. J. 
This jumping plant louse which is recorded by Van Duzee 1 , as 
occurring in Quebec, New Hampshire, New York, Massachusetts 
New Jersey, Pennsylvania, District of Columbia and Alabama has 
been known for some time to be associated with the elongate gall 
on rush (J uncus sp.), the floral parts being aborted, the bracts 
of the inflorescence increasing to many times their normal size 
and forming closely imbricated clusters from 3 to 4 cm., in length. 
For several years this species has been noted at Monmouth 
Junction, N. J., and the following notes have been accumulated. 
The adult overwinters and appears during the middle and last 
of May. The oval, lemon-yellow eggs are deposited in rows on 
the inflorescence and bracts, each egg being fastened on the plant 
tissue by means of a short, backward projecting, basal stipe. A 
few eggs were found as late as June 17 after the galls were fully 
developed and these occurred on the inner surface of the lowest 
bract. After hatching the nymphs make their way to between 
the folded leaf-like parts, most of them feeding head downward 
between the sheaths. By the last week of June many are fully 
developed and the first adults emerge several days later. Most 
of the nymphs inhabit the outer sheaths and only a few are 
found in the tightly rolled inner sheaths. Some galls were found 
to contain from 25 to 100 nymphs. Those with fifty or more 
were quite swollen. The larger nymphs have the ends of their 
abdomens clothed loosely in waxy threads. As a rule nearly all 
nymphal stages can be found in a gall during the last of June, 
with the possible exceptions of newly hatched ones. Based on 
size and structure, the nymphs were easily arranged into five 
stages and the following descriptions indicate the development 
which takes place from egg to adult. 
iVan Duzee, Cat. Hemip. Amer. North of Mexico. 
