200 
FIFTEENTH REPORT. 
humus, (hough sand was present. Pteris was not the predominating 
species, but rather Melampyrum. 
the quadrat laid out in the peat bog was made but one-half meter 
square. This size was takeiuowing to the great density and similarity 
<d ihe vegetation. The quadrat was placed near the bog lake and in 
direct sunlight. Charnaedaphne and Andromeda were dominant, with 
I aceinium, Sarracenia > Chiogcnes, and many others as secondary species. 
1 wo. quadrats were staked out in a climax beech-maple hardwood, one 
in dense shade, the other on a hillside in moderate shade. The former 
quadrat contained little else besides the seedling of the trees, but Ihe 
latter contained more species. The soil in both was very rich and had 
a thick covering of leaves. These woods are to be cut before the next sea- 
son and the' incoming plants of a cut climax hardwood will be closely 
tabulated. Unfortunately there are no hardwoods where the species of a 
climax association can be observed, for they are all to be cut this 
winter. 
Two quadrats were placed in a burned over cedar bog. This bog was 
burned duly 12, 1911, and many plants had come in during the one 
year: some of the old association, whose rootstocks had not been in- 
jured, and others of the new association. Both quadrats were in the 
direct sunlight. The ground was very wet and contained a great num- 
ber of decaying logs. Mar chan tin and F unaria were very common. 
In an association similar to the burned area, before the fire swept 
through it, was placed a seventh quadrat. This quadrat was made one 
meter square, every inch of ground containing a plant. The substratum 
was made up entirely of Sphagnum ; cedar and tamarack trees kept the 
quadrat in dense shade. Many of the secondary species were the same 
as those of the burned area. 
The last quadrat was placed on a slowly moving sand dune near Ihe 
shore of Douglas Lake. It was marked out so that one side was on 
the clear sand, while the other had a great deal of Stir pus and other 
species. During the winter the water and ice are apt to cover this 
quadrat, but no marked ice action is had. 
This work is simply the beginning. The same quadrats will be studied 
for many consecutive years in an attempt to learn the steps of succession 
in the different areas. 
The region around the camp is especially fitted for such a study as it 
is rich in having many diverse types of vegetation. The fires have given 
an excellent chance for comparing burned with non-burned areas. 
Next summer these same quadrats will be plotted, the results com- 
pared with those of last season, and conclusions will be drawn. 
