MICHIGAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCE. 
203 
and stumps decay the seeds and fruits which lodge on them gain a 
foot-hold and soon show a flora of its own. 
The conditions for plant growth in this location are extreme and 
severe, for during the winter they are subjected to the severe winds and 
frosts without protection and in summer, unless their roots reach into 
the water, they suffer xerophytie conditions. These adverse conditions 
oppose the normal developement of the species growing there. Most 
of these plants are small and not true to type. Some of these stumps 
and logs are becoming very densely covered with plants so that they 
are beginnings of small islands. (Fig. 1.) 
The following is a list of plants with the kind of fruit they produce 
found growing on the stumps and logs in the pond : 
Latin Name 
Poa compressa 
Carex sp 
Carex sp 
Salix glaueophylla 
Pilea pumula 
Polvgonum convolvulus . 
Kibes floridum 
Amelanchier Canadensis . 
Fragaria virginiana 
Kubus occidentalis 
Primus pennsylvanicum . . 
Epilobium angustifolium 
Cornus stolonifera 
Vaccinium pennsylvanicum 
Asclepias incarnata 
Lycopus virginicus 
Ohelone glabra 
Mimulus ringens 
Solanum dulcamara 
Galium trifida 
Solidago canadensis 
Erigeron canadensis 
Bidens connata . . . 
Bidens triehosperma .... 
English Name 
Canada Blue Grass . 
Sedge 
Sedge 
Willow 
Clear Weed 
Black Bindweed 
Wild Black Currant. 
Juneberry 
Wild Strawberry . . . 
Black Raspberry 
Pin Cherry 
Fire-weed 
Red-Osier 
Low Blueberry 
Swamp Milkweed . . . 
Water Hoarhound . . 
Turtle Head 
Monkey Flower 
Bittersweet 
Bedstraw 
Golden Rod 
Mare’s Tail 
Spanish Needles 
Tickseed Sunflower . 
Kind of Fruit 
Caryopsis 
Achene 
Achene 
Hairy seed 
Achene 
Achene 
Berry 
Pome (fleshy) 
Achene on 
fleshy receptacle 
Aggregate (fleshy) 
Drupe (fleshy) 
Hairv seed 
Drupe (fleshy) 
Berry (fleshy) 
Hairy seed 
Nutlet 
Capsule 
Capsule 
Berry (fleshy) 
Busslike fruit 
Achene (hairy) 
Achene (hairy) 
Achene (barbed) 
Achene (' barbed ) 
Of the above 24 species 
birds, 5 by wind. 
the seeds of 1!) 
SUMMARY. 
might have 
been 
carried by 
1. Most of the filling material which is being deposited at present is 
plant remains. 
2. Cerotophyllum, Potamogetons and Ohara are the most active plant 
agents in filling this pond. 
3. Sparganium eurycarpum is the most active species in gaining pos- 
session of the shallow water. 
4. The channel of the original stream and those places in the pond 
over 4 feet deep are poor in plant life. 
