MICHIGAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCE. 
9 
ARTICLE V : Voting and Elections. 
1. All elections shall be by ballot. To elect a Resident Member, Corre- 
sponding Member, Honorary Member or Patron or impose any special tax 
shall require the assent of three-fourths of all Resident Members voting. 
2. Any member may be expelled by a vote of nine-tenths of all members 
voting, provided notice that such a movement is contemplated be given at a 
meeting of the Academy three months previous to such action. 
3. Election of Members. Nominations for Resident membership shall 
be made by two Resident Members, according to a form to be provided by 
the Council. One of these Resident Members must be personally acquainted 
with the nominee and his qualifications for membership. The Council shall 
submit the nominations received by them, if approved, to a vote of the 
Academy at a regular meeting. 
4. Election of Officers. Nominations for office shall be made by the 
Council as provided in the By-Laws. The nominations shall be submitted 
to a vote of the Academy at its winter [annual] meeting. The officers thus 
elected shall enter upon duty at the adjournment of the meeting. 
5. At the meeting in which this constitution is adopted the officers for the 
ensuing year shall be elected in such manner as the academy may determine. 
ARTICLE VI: Meetings. 
1. The Academy shall hold at least two stated meetings a year — a Summer 
[or Field ] Meeting, and a Winter [or Annual] Meeting. The date and place of 
each meeting shall be fixed by the Council, and announced b}^ circular at 
least three months before the meeting. The programme of each meeting 
shall be determined by the Council, and announced beforehand, in its gen- 
eral features. The details of the daily sessions shall also be arranged by the 
Council. 
2. All members must forward to the Seeretary, if possible, before the con- 
vening of the Academy, full title of all papers which they propose to present 
during the meeting, with a statement of the time that each will occupy in 
delivery and a brief abstract of their contents. From the abstracts thus 
presented, the Council will determine the fitness of the paper for the pro- 
gramme. 
3. This section stricken out April 1, 1898. 
4. Special Meeting of the Academy may be called by the Council, and 
must be called upon the written request of twenty Resident Members. 
5. Stated Meetings of the Council shall be held coincidently with 
the stated meetings of the Academy. Special meetings of the Council may 
be called by the President at such times as he may deem necessary. 
6. Quorum. At meetings of the Academy a majority of those registered 
in attendance shall constitute a quorum. Four members shall constitute a 
quorum of the council. 
ARTICLE VII: Publications. 
The publications of the Academy shall be under the immediate control 
of the Council, but the Council shall accord to each author the right, under 
proper restrictions, to publish through whatever channel he may choose. - 
