IOWA BIRD LIFE — -XI, 1941 
railway track which winds along the base of the bluffs beside the Mis- 
sissippi River, At intervals the bluffs are divided by deep rocky ravines, 
at the foot of one of which we found our first bird. The same spot 
was visited by the same observers on May 16, 1940, and two singing 
Kentucky Warblers were observed. Again, on May 9, 1941, a singing 
bird was found in the same spot by Rev. M, C. Melcher, Waiter Pike 
and me. Four days later, F. J. Pierce and I visited the place and the 
bird was heard in song as we arrived. This ravine entrance, heavily 
shaded and with thick undergrowth, from which the Kentucky Warbler 
always sang, seemed to be a distinctive habitat for this bird. We de- 
cided to explore other ravines, and, working down river, we found a 
singing Kentucky Warbler in each of the next four ravine entrances. 
After the fifth ravine, the character of the land formation changed; 
the ravines were broader and lightly wooded, and we found no birds. 
I paid a hurried visit to the first ravine on July 23, 1941, and waited 
long enough to hear the song several times from far back in the under- 
brush. While no nests have been discovered, indications are that the 
Kentucky Warbler is a summer resident in small numbers along the 
river-shore timber. 
ORCHARD ORIOLE, Irtt ms sfutniis. An uncommon summer resident, 
I discovered my first nest here in the village of Giard on June 27, 1926. 
Each year since then a pair has nested in the village, several years high 
in pines, but mostly in plum trees. The 1941 nest was built in this 
tree, only nine feet from the ground. I have found it on only four 
occasions, nesting about farm yards in this general neighborhood. 
EASTERN' CARDINAL, IUcItmtnttlrtm cartlinaiis cunlinnlix. The north- 
ward invasion of this Carolinian species was first noted in Clayton 
County in 1908, at the mouth of Sny Magill Creek and at McGregor. 
Thus the Mississippi shore appears to be the first line of invasion, which 
is also the route followed by the several other species of Carolinian 
classification. While a common permanent resident over the entire 
area, the hills and bluffs of the river shore-line harbor a denser Car- 
dinal population than inland. 
References to Literature 
Allert, Oscar P. 
1927. The Orchard Oriole in Clayton County, Iowa. Wilson Bull., 
39 (2) : 107. 
1934. Carolina Wren Nesting in Allamakee County, Iowa Bird 
Life, 4 (3) : 34. 
DuMont, Philip A. 
1933. A Revised List of the Birds of Iowa. Univ. la. Studies in 
Nat. Hist., 15 (5): 1-171. 
Pierce. Fred J, 
1939. Golden- winged and Kentucky W'arblers in Allamakee County. 
Iowa Bird Life, 9 (2> : 28. 
1940. Kentucky Warbler, Carolina Wren and Duck Hawk in Alla- 
makee County. Iowa Bird Life, 10 (2) : 27. 
Sherman, Althea R. 
1908. The “Farthest North" Record of the Cardinal in Iowa. 
Wilson Bull., 20 (2) ; 102. 
1909. Five Notes from the Upper Mississippi Valley. Wilson Bull., 
21 (3) : 155-158. 
Carolinian Avifauna in Northeastern Iowa. Auk, 30 (1): 
77-81. 
The Increase of the Cardinal in the Upper Mississippi Val- 
ley. W'ilson Bull., 25 (3): 150-151. 
1913. 
