SYSTEMATICALLY ARRANGED BY DR. T. T. KAUP. 
having the structure of tlie wings very like that of the sparrow-hawk. 
I assign the third rank among the Buteonince to Polyborus, for its 
long hill, nostrils on the extreme upper part, long tarsi, short toes, 
long neck, plumage like Accipitrince and Gypogeranidce, running 
on the ground, and feeding on reptiles. Thus the family Sturnidce , 
among the Conirostres , the Eurylaimidce among the Fissirostres , 
the Corvidai among the Dentirostres, and the Upupidce among the 
Tenuirostres, assume the third rank, because we observe that all 
these families show very great or long bills, the largest forms, or the 
longest tarsi in their subordines. 
In like manner, as representatives of the third family, we have 
the Dicholophidce among the Pressirostres, the Ibidce among the 
Longirostres , the Ciconidce among the Cultrirostres , the Palame- 
deidce among the Macrodactyli , because we see in all these families 
the highest forms, very long tarsi, with short toes, the longest and 
largest bill, &c. 
Among the Ichthyornithes, I give the Procellaridce among the 
Longipennes, the Spheniscidce among the Brachypteri, the Plotince 
among the Pelicanidce, and the Cygnince among the Anatidce the 
third rank, because they show the longest and largest forms in these 
families and subfamilies. 
For such reasons, we have assigned the third rank to the Gralla- 
tores as order, to the Brevipennes as suborder of the Grallatores , 
to the Rhamphastidce among the Zygodactylce, to the Syndactyli , 
as suborder among the Ornithes, to the Brachypteri as suborder 
among the Ichthyornithes , and to the Crypturidce among the Gal- 
lin(B, as true bone-birds ; and in like manner, we have given the 
third rank to the family of Gypogeranidce among the Accipitres, 
and to the genus Geranopus (gracilis) among the Falconidce , and 
by that to the Accipitrince, and to the alleged genera of the other 
subfamilies of Falconidce, &c., & c . 
Having thus attained our aim in fixing the station of the respec- 
tive genera of the Falconidce, we now proceed to the class of fish, 
whose rank as fourth class among the higher animals may be con- 
sidered as duly founded and unquestionable. 
The fourth class, the Fish, Pisces, show the most complicated 
organs of digestion among all true animals. In this class there is 
not one species wanting the tongue, which, upon its ramificated liga- 
ments, even supports the organs of respiration. Most of them show 
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