SYSTEMATICALLY ARRANGED BY DR. T. T. KAUP. 
Consequently, there is wanting yet in the class of birds, a well 
founded order, representing the membrane. Pelvis or sexual birds. 
These undoubtedly are the 
Galling. 
Among the mammalia, the Ruminantia represent the Gallince , 
and they occupy the fifth order as membrane, pelvis, or sexual 
animals. Among the class of reptiles, the Batrachli represent the 
sexual animals, and the Chondropterygli represent them among the 
Pisces. If, consequently, we find in each of the four higher classes 
of animals, an order every one of which has but a very imperfect 
skeleton in comparison to the others, but which always show a 
very perfect pelvis , and which animals are possessed of a strong 
sexual energy, and a numerous progeny or brood; if we further 
see, that all orders divide themselves into five suborders or fami- 
lies, of which the last always represent the sexual animals, then of 
necessity the idea must consequently arise, that another class must 
be added to the higher animals, which the unphilosophical sense of 
earlier times has forcibly separated from them. This class is that 
of the 
Mollusca. 
The objection founded on the existence or non-existence of ver- 
tebrae, is of itself erroneous, since there are Pisces with very imper- 
fect, and even without the vertebral column ; and on the contrary, 
we find among the mollusca, the higher Cephalopoda , with indica- 
tions of head and vertebral bones. 
The class of mollusca show as such, characters which are of 
no greater consequence than those which distinguish the class of 
Pisces from that of reptiles, and I think it a great mistake of 
Cuvier’s to have considered them as a particular subkingdom, with 
classes of its ow r n, since all the characters of classes adopted by 
him have but the amount of those orders. However, in spite of 
this mistake, Cuvier ranges very properly the mollusca immediatelv 
after the Pisces , which he surely did from his innate strong feeling 
for nature and fitness. 
Considering the mollusca with their life of dream, with their 
glandulous slime producing membrane, of themselves but as the 
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