ORNITHOLOGY OF THE BERMUDAS. 
assistance of any authorities that were accessible to him, together 
with the information afforded by Mr. Wedderburn and himself, up 
to the present date, are the authorities for the following catalogue. 
We may add, that nearly all the specimens have been submitted 
to our examination, and compared with American and European 
birds. Mr. Tristram arranged his list under “constant — sum- 
mer — autumnal and winter — vernal and accidental residents or 
visitants;” and we have preferred keeping that to a systematic 
arrangement, as it more easily shows the proportions under which 
the species are found. 
From this catalogue it will be observed, that among the whole 
number, no true South American species has been met with ; that 
in all, there are only seven or eight constantly resident species ; 
and that the great mass of the birds are either those which pass 
the summer in the United States, or similar climates in North 
America, and which reach the Bermudas in their autumnal migra- 
tion southward, and again on their return in spring ; or of the 
Grallatores and Natatores, which breed still farther northward, 
and returning in autumn, are stopped by these lands, and there 
spend their winter, finding a suitable shelter and food around their 
shores or among their marshes. Of the first of these Mr. Tris- 
tram observes, “ that though not unfrequent, and many of them 
very common, they did not seem guided by any regular seasons of 
migration, but constantly appeared during the latter part of the 
year; indeed, from August to February, though visiting us in great- 
est numbers during October and November.” Of the Natatores , 
” the Anatidai are always later in their visits than any of the 
W aders. The earliest, indeed the only one I have noted before 
November in any year, was one Scaup, in October, 1847 ; the 
various ducks are not unfrequently captured in the marshes in 
company with the domestic ducks of the islands. The gulls have 
only been shot in winter, chiefly late in the season, except the 
hittiwake, which is obtained in all states of plumage, and occa- 
sionally at all times of the year.” 
Additional attention will, no doubt, add a few more species to the 
ornithology of the Bermudas ; and violent storms or hurricanes occur- 
ring about the periods of migration, will occasionally drive birds from 
their courses which would not have made these islands, and which 
could not be ranked beyond occasional stragglers. Such will be the 
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