228 
SCIENCE. 
California and Spain. Third belt, Dureago (Mexico), 
Peru and China. Fourth belt, Malacca and Banca. 
Fifth. Bolivia, (S. America) Queensland and Northern 
New South Wales, in Australia, in about the parallel 
of 22 0 to 23 ° S. Lat. 
5. Lead. The diamagnetic arrangement of the 
localities in which this metal is most abundantly 
found, may be rendered equally apparent, whether 
we follow the Galena and other ores in belts, on par- 
allels around the globe, or connect these metallic de- 
posits by curves from the Boothia Felix focus, for 
North America, and the Scandinavian focus for 
Europe. Thus, first belt in North America, from Arctic 
focus, Idaho, Wisconsin, Iowa, Northern Illinois, Ver- 
mont, New Hampshire and Maine; second belt, 
Nevada, Utah, Colorado, Missouri, Southern Illinois, 
New York, Connecticut; third belt, California, New 
Mexico, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina; 
fourth, Fort Yuma, and Arizona; fifth, the argen- 
tiferous Galena of Mexico. 
In Europe there are from the Scandinavian focus 
four belts ; first, that of Scotland and Saxony ; 
second, of England and Bohemia ; third, the lead 
mines of France ; fourth, those of Spain, often 
argentiferous. 
6. Zinc. From the Scandinavian focus, we trace 
one curve, which marks the zinc belt of England, 
Belgium and Germany ; another that of France and 
Austria. In Asia, from the North Siberian focus, a 
belt connects the zinc of the Alati mountain with that 
of China. In the United States, if we take the Lake 
Superior focus as a center, we can bring within one 
belt the various zinc ores of Tennessee. Virginia, 
Pennsylvania, and the abundant deposits of New 
Jersey, as well as the zinc localities of New York, 
Vermont, New Hampshire and Maine. 
7. Antimony. From the Lake Superior focus, a 
semicircle unites, in one belt, the ores of Antimony 
found in Maryland, New Hampshire and Maine, while 
just outside is a curve or zone uniting the mines 
worked in Sonora (Mexico) with those of New 
Brunswick. 
In Europe, with Mount Rosa for a center, the 
Tertiary circles (radius nine degrees), described in the 
former communication, passes through the zinc of 
Cornwall (England), of Spain and of Hungary. 
8. Bismuth. A belt in the United States, with Lake 
Superior for a center, unites the bismuth found in 
Montana, Arizona and Colorado, with that of Georgia 
and South and North Carolina. 
In Europe, the bismuth of Norway and Sweden are 
in one curve from the Scandinavian focus ; that of 
England, Saxony and Bohemia constitutes a second 
curve. Bismuth is also found in Australia, nearly on 
the parallel of latitude on which it is obtained in Chili 
and Bolivia (South America). 
These demonstrations, or coincident facts, may, 
perhaps, suffice to test the truth of the law, which ap- 
pears to be similar in character to that governing the 
formation of land. 
Metals and metallic ores would seem, then, most 
frequently, to have arranged themselves, particularly 
when diamagnetic, as a large majority of bodies are, in 
curves, equi-distant from some dynamic focus. 
It is hoped the above generalization may aid the 
miner and mineralogist in their search after mineral 
wealth. 
THE UNITY OF NATURE. 
By the Duke of Argyll. 
II. 
Man is included in the Unity of Nature, in the first place, 
as regards the composition of his body. Out of the ordi- 
nary elements of the material world is that body made, and 
into those elements it is resolved again. With all its beau- 
ties of form and of expression, with all its marvels of 
structure and of function, there is nothing whatever in it ex- 
cept some few of the elementary substances which are 
common in the atmosphere and the soil. The four principal 
gases, with lime, potash, and a little iron, sodium, and 
phosphorus, these are the constituents of the human body 
— of these in different combinations — and, so far as we 
know, of nothing else. The same general composition, 
with here and there an ingredient less or more, prevails 
throughout the whole animal and vegetable world, and its 
elements are the commonest in the inorganic kingdom also. 
This may seem a rude, and it is certainly a rudimentary 
view of the relation which prevails between ourselves anil 
the world around us. And yet it is the foundation, or at 
least one of the foundations, on which all other relations 
depend. It is because of the composition of our body, that 
the animals and plants around us are capable of ministering 
to our support — that the common air is to us the very breath of 
life, and that herbs and minerals in abundance have either 
poisoning properties or healing virtue. For both of these ef- 
fects are alike the evidence of some relation to the organism 
they affect ; and both are in different degrees so prevalent and 
pervading, that of very few things indeed can it be said that 
they are wholly inert upon us. Y et there is no substance of 
the thousands which in one manner or another affect the 
body, which does not so affect it by virtue of some relation 
which it bears to the elements of which that body is com- 
posed, or to the combinations into which those elements 
have been cast. 
And here we ascend one step higher among the facts 
which include Man within the unities of Nature. For he is 
united with the world in which he moves, not only by the 
elements of which his body is composed, but also by the 
methods in which those elements are combined — the forces 
by which they are held together, and the principles of con- 
struction according to which they are built up into separate 
organs for the discharge of separate functions. Science has 
cast no light on the ultimate nature of Life. But whatever 
it be, it has evidently fundamental elements which are the 
same throughout the whole circle of the organic world ; the 
same in their relations to the inorganic ; the same in the 
powers by which are carried on the great functions of nutri- 
tion, of growth, of respiration, and reproduction. There are, 
indeed, infinitely varied modifications in the mechanism of 
the same organs to accommodate them to innumerably dif- 
ferent modes by which different animals obtain their food, 
their oxygen, and their means of movement. Yet so evi- 
dent is the unitv which prevails throughout, that physiolog- 
ists are compelled to recognise the fundamental facts of 
organic life as “ the same, from the lowest animal inhabit- 
ing a stagnant pool up to the glorious mechanism of the 
human form.” 1 
This language is not the expression of mere poetic fancy, 
nor is it founded on dim and vague analogies. It is founded 
on the most definite facts which can be ascertained of the 
ultimate phenomena of organic life, and it expresses the 
clearest conceptions that can be formed of its essential 
properties. The creature which naturalists call the Amoeba, 
one of the lowest in the animal series, consists of nothing 
but an apparently simple and formless jelly. But simple 
and formless as it appears to be, this jelly exhibits all the 
wonder and mystery of that power which we know as Life. 
It is in virtue of that power that the dead or inorganic 
elements of which it is composed are held together in a 
special and delicate combination, which no other power can 
preserve in union, and which begins to dissolve the moment 
that power departs. And as in virtue of this power the 
constituent elements are held in a peculiar relation to each 
other, so in virtue of the same power does the combination 
possess peculiar relations with external things. It has the 
'On the Nervous System, by Alex. Shaw. Appendix to Sir Charles 
Bell’s “ Anatomy of Expression/’ 
