PASSIONS OF ANIMALS. 
37 
bird, there was also a remarkable instance of recollection 
and of association of ideas, for the bird had been brought up 
with a dog, between whom the affection was mutual; and 
this dog having broken its leg, the raven attended it con- 
stantly while it was confined, waiting on it, carrying it pro- 
visions, and scarcely ever leaving it. On one occasion, 
when the stable-door had been shut, and the raven had been 
deprived of the company of its friend all night, the hostler 
found in the morning the door so pecked away, that, 
had it not been opened, the raven would have made its 
entrance in another hour. Several other acts of kindness 
to dogs had been noticed, and particularly to maimed or 
wounded ones. 
“ When a pig is caught in a gate, or suffers from any do- 
mestic operation, all the rest are seen to gather round it, to 
lend their fruitless assistance, and to sympathise with its 
sufferings. When the old starved elephant, which Bishop 
Heber saw, fell down, another elephant of very large size, 
and in somewhat better plight, was brought to assist. 6 1 
was much struck/ says the Bishop, c with the almost human 
expression of surprise, alarm, and perplexity in his counte- 
nance, when he approached his fallen companion. They 
fastened a chain round his neck and the body of the sick 
beast, and urged him in all ways, by encouragement and 
blows, to drag him up, even thrusting spears into his flanks. 
He pulled stoutly for a minute, but on the first groan his 
companion gave, he stopped short, turned fiercely round 
wdth a loud roar, and with his trunk and fore-feet began to 
attempt to loosen the chain from his neck. 5 The sympathy 
of the animal for his suffering fellow was greater than his 
habitual obedience. But elephants accommodate themselves 
to circumstances in even a more extraordinary manner 
than such a refusal as this to perform a disagreeable task. 
The Baron de Lauriston states that he was at Lucknow 
when an epidemic distemper was raging, and when the 
road to the palace was covered with the sick and the dying. 
The Nabob came out upon his elephant. His slaves, re- 
gardless of their unhappy fellow-creatures, made no attempt 
to clear the road; but the more charitable beast, without 
any command, lifted some out of the way with his trunk, 
and stepped so carefully among the rest, that none were 
hurt. Another extraordinary instance of sympathetic in- 
telligence is recorded upon the authority of an artillery 
officer who witnessed the transaction : — The battering train 
going to the siege of Seringapatam, had to cross the sandy 
bed of a river, that resembled other rivers of the East, which 
