134 
REVIEWS. 
has a tendency to raise a doubt on the movement of the sole, 
is somewhat exaggerated. For, in point of fact, let us observe 
what takes place in a flat foot after it has been some time 
shod, and we shall perceive upon the upper surface of the 
shoe evident marks of friction, the products of the descent 
of the sole. 
“ The frog has more suppleness and elasticity than other 
parts of the foot. By abutting against the sole, it moderates 
any violent reaction occasioned during progression, while at 
the same time it seems to dilate posterior parts of the foot, 
to widen and expand them . 55 
The cartilages of the foot play an important part in the 
foot’s elasticity. They offer most resistance (or substance) 
anteriorly ; posteriorly they become assimilated more with the 
fatty frog. During the time the foot is down, the hoof 
spreads inferiorly ; contracting, at the same time, superiorly, 
and compressing the cartilages. But when raised, these 
organs return upon themselves, and concur in straightening 
the wall, and bringing it back to that cylindrical form we 
commonly see it of. For a long wdiile, shoeing has been 
accused of destroying the elasticity of the foot, by giving rise 
to ossification of the cartilages through the state of inaction 
into which they are thereby thrown. 
“We must not, however, rate too highly the elasticity of 
the foot, since with age it grows less, and by shoeing in the 
course of time becomes destroyed altogether ; and especially 
in feet that are malformed and flat below . 55 
(To be continued .) 
Farmers Companion and Horticultural Gazette . 
Of this publication (issuing from Detroit, Mich. America, at 
an extraordinary low cost,) the First Number has just reached 
us. It professes to be “ a Practical and Scientific Agricultural 
and Family Journal for the Westf the Editors 5 reasons for 
appearing among the number of agricultural journals already 
in existence “in one word 55 being — “that experience has 
proved that Eastern publications are but slightly adapted 
