260 
SCROFULOUS DISEASE IN PIGS. 
we meet with retroversion of the rectum, of which the reduc- 
tion is difficult, and the amputation fatal. 
The pathognomonic signs of the disease have their origin 
in profound debility — signs furnished by the respiration and 
cough, followed by swelling of the ends of the bones, and 
certain* other parts of the skeleton, with spreading lardaceous 
tissue around the diseased bones. With pigs of a certain 
race, we find taking place, some time after their weaning, 
tumour between the loins, which, at first hard and circum- 
scribed, then becomes loose and rather painful, and in the end 
grows soft and fluctuating, and requires being opened, when 
pus springs out of it. I do not remember an instance of 
its becoming indurated. Thus happens it in vigorous sub- 
jects. In those not so, suppuration takes up longer time, 
and when it does take place, a milkiform serosity is let out, 
seeming to be the same pathogenic act as tuberculous matter 
is. It is rare, however, that such as have swellings of the 
bones produce the inter-maxillary tumour. 
Pathological Anatomy . — Tuberculous matter is spread about 
in divers parts ; generally the lung is its maximum seat. 
When diseased subjects are not slaughtered, but allowed to 
die, we find within the pulmonary parenchyma tubercles of 
a dry aspect, as though the fatty matter which appertains to 
such productions had been partially re-absorbed ; so that 
one would almost look upon them as made up of softened 
calcareous earths. The vascularity of the parenchyma is not 
augmented around the tubercles, and it is rare we find the 
tubercles softened. The same lesions are found elsewhere. 
Tuberculous matter is found in the spleen, the liver, the 
kidneys, the pericardium, the membranes of the brain, the 
lymphatic glands, the peritoneum. Tuberculous matter never 
follows the formation of hydatids ; though I have often seen 
the latter in sheep who have died of a watery cachexia. 
In young pigs having symptoms of turn-about, cerebral 
hydatids are found, but smaller than those in sheep ; 
they are lodged in the interior membranes, within the brain 
itself. 
In scrofulous subjects, the osseous system is one of the 
first to feel the influence of the pathological irradiation. At 
first, a dull pain, increased by pressure upon the place where 
alteration happens. The bone tardily swells, and its swel- 
ling may turn out considerable ; the favorite seat of disease 
being the carpal and tarsal joints. The periosteum partici- 
pates in the disease, though it is not limited to the shell of 
the bone; in fact, it is difficult to say, which is the first 
affected, the periosteum or the bone. 
