TO DOMESTICATED ANIMALS. 
339 
during the cholera period at Marienberg, which seems in one 
case to have been connected with the opening of a sewer into 
a pond ; and alluding transiently also to the deaths of fishes 
in the rivers of Germany, and in the carp-ponds of the 
departments of the Seine and Oise in France, we find that at 
Astrachan, Moscow, and Warsaw, if not at Tagaurog, in 
1831, many examples occurred of poultry and other animals 
dying with symptoms resembling cholera. So, too, during 
the epidemic in Bohemia, according to Nekola, dogs died in 
a few days, with loss of appetite and activity, diarrhoea, and 
convulsions. In many parts of Austria the same circum- 
stance was noted ; and in Dantzic, the cholera was ushered in 
by a canine epizootic of a choleraic form, so that dogs were 
said to be the first to indicate the approach of the disease. 
The Austrian reports particularly mention poultry, dogs, and 
cats; and the French report by the Royal Academy of 
Medicine, on the Russian and Polish epidemics, refers espe- 
cially to the mortality amongst dogs. In 1832, cholera then 
raging in Paris, a sudden and singular mortality occurred 
amongst the poultry of the village of Choisi-le-Roi, situated 
on the banks of the Seine, about five miles lower down than 
Paris, though no cholera prevailed in the village at the time : 
the combs of the fowls attacked were cold and livid; a 
thready mucus appeared in the mouth and gullet ; whitish 
liquid dejections were passed ; the intestines were found red 
in patches ; and the blood was thick and tarry. A similar 
epizootic was observed in two or three other villages in the 
department of the Seine, and also on the Rhone. Since that 
period, this disease of poultry has from time to time reappeared, 
but more particularly again in 1849-30, both in France and 
near Utrecht in Holland, during the last cholera epidemic. 
Investigations and discussions as to its nature have been 
held by MM. Renault and Delafond Alfort, and the former 
concludes, that the disease resembles cholera more than it 
does any other epidemic. It appears to be communicable by 
inoculation, and to affect rabbits also. In the winter and 
spring of 1831-2, a remarkable cholera-like epizootic, re- 
corded by Professor Dick, occurred amongst cattle and 
horses, in the neighbourhood of Edinburgh, during the pre- 
valence of cholera there, although it had somewhat preceded 
that disease in its earliest appearance. It is worthy of note, 
that the same epizootic, having apparently ceased during the 
cessation of cholera, reappeared near Leith at the return of 
cholera in that place. Swine and dogs did not seem to be 
affected. The reputed horse-cholera, at Denny, in Scotland, 
in 1832, may also be alluded to in this place. In 1832-3, 
