24 REVIEW THE BREEDING AND ECONOMY OF LIVE STOCK, 
that country for improving their own stocks.. A few bulls, 
cows, and heifers, imported by Sir William St. Quinton, of 
Scampster, and the Debinsons, effected a considerable change; 
and to those gentlemen the country is indebted for the present 
‘ Improved Short-horned Breed.’ The spirit of emulation once 
being aroused, improvement succeeded improvement ; and it 
may now confidently be asserted that this Improved Short- 
horned breed is without a parallel. In the pages of Coates' 
Herd-Book, the pedigrees of all pure-bred animals are now re- 
corded in a similar manner to those of the race-horses in the 
Stud-Book. 
“ Since the appearance of the bull ‘ Hubback,’ calved in 
1777, bred by Mr. Brown of Henworth, many breeders in the 
county of Durham, on the banks of the Tees, seeing the good 
effects of proper selections, and the improvements made on their 
own stocks by importations from Holland, were led seriously to 
turn their attention to the new breed, now first known as 
‘ Short-horns,’ a name given from the animals being shorter in 
the horns than any other large breed of cattle in the kingdom. 
The appellation of ‘ Teeswater,’ or * Durham’ breed, was ac- 
quired from their having been first improved in this part of 
England. The first great step of the breeders in these districts, 
in improving this breed of cattle, was by selecting bulls and 
cows of the most perfect form and symmetry, with fine bone ; 
while the Lincolnshire and Yorkshire breeders pursued a dif- 
ferent course, by selecting large animals. From this cause, the 
Short-horns on the Tees obtained pre-eminence over those of 
other parts of the country. 
“ Coates' Herd-Book , before alluded to, contains the pedi- 
grees of all animals of note since the time of the celebrated bull 
* Hubback,’ seventy-three years ago. The work is published 
periodically, and is now under the superintendence of Mr. Henry 
Strafford, an artist who for some time illustrated it. The value 
of this record of pedigrees is fully known to all breeders of 
Short-horns, and is, from the accuracy with which it is kept, an 
acknowledged authority on all matters in which the purity of 
blood of any animal is called in question ; indeed, no breeder of 
the present day need attempt to sell young bulls unless the pe- 
digrees of the sire and dam are recorded in the Herd- Book. 
The Short-horns owe much of their fame to those eminent 
breeders, Messrs. Charles and Robert Codings, who did more to . 
develope their peculiarities and good qualities than all breeders 
who preceded them ; and to these gentlemen do this breed owe 
much of its high and well-merited celebrity. The famous bull 
‘ Comet’ was bred by Mr. Charles Codings, and sold for one 
thousand guineas ! 
