REVIEW. 
203 
These preliminary observations, M. Charlier follows up with 
a description of the symptoms, in the course of which he 
takes care to establish a distinction between the benignant and 
the malignant forms of the disease, according as it varies in 
intensity, and the facility it affords by the nasal discharges for 
characterization. 
From this we pass to a rapid analysis of the paper. Under the 
chapter treating of the divers complications, M. Charlier with 
much accuracy describes the leaden pallor (augeioleucite) of 
the surface of the nasal membrane, and the vesicular eruption 
upon it, so often to be seen in the course of the disease when 
the inflammation is — to use such an expression — in its apogee , 
and admits of so easily being confounded with farcy of the 
surface or even with acute glanders. 
M. Charlier recognises four terminations to distemper : — 
1st. Resolution. 
2d. Asphyxia. 
3d. Gangrene of the lungs. 
4th. Passage into the chronic state ; and, lastly, possible 
transformation of distemper into glanders. 
M. Charlier, after having adverted to the sympathetic re- 
lationship existing between the skin and the mucous membranes, 
by which it is continued throughout the interior of the body, 
comes to the conclusion, that cold air, or air charged with mois- 
ture, acting upon the skin, is frequently a cause of inflammation 
of the mucous surfaces. And besides, those impure gaseous 
matters and miasms respired ; the acrid dust arising from pow- 
dered aliments, as well as that from the roads ; the direct 
action upon the respiratory membrane of thick fogs and odours 
with which the atmosphere is charged at certain seasons of the 
year ; irritating matters arising from the lungs of horses labour- 
ing under coryza or gourmous catarrh ; cold water given to 
satiety at a time when the animal is covered with perspiration : 
such are the causes which to him appear to act as so many direct 
causes of the disease. 
“ To these causes may be added some which to M. Charlier 
appear indirect , viz., premature work at young age, and over- 
fatigue at adult age ; ’sudden change of food, such as from green 
to dry ; the abuse of stimulating aliment, such as new forage 
