630 ON THE DISEASES OF THE TEETH OF THE HORSE. 
3. Tendons, which answer the three-fold purposes of agents 
for the transmission of motion, of articular ligaments, and of 
organs of suspension of the weight of the body. 
4. A fibro-cartilaginous elastic apparatus, superadded to 
the coffin-bone, completing, as one may say, the deficiency at 
its posterior part, and enlarging its surface of bearing upon the 
hoof, through which it transmits its pressure to the ground. 
5. Arteries, veins, lymphatics, nerves, equally remarkable 
for their number, their development, and their flexuous and 
anastomic disposition. 
6. A tegumentary membrane belonging to the region of the 
foot, differing from the general integument, with which it is 
continuous, by its exterior characters, its notably modified tex- 
ture, and its special functions. 
B. The external parts of the foot, in number four, the wall, 
the sole, the frog, and the periople, form by their union a 
horny box, the hoof, whose interior cavity is moulded exactly 
to the contours of the external surface of the sub-ungulous 
membrane, with which it contracts intimate adherence through 
reciprocal dove-tailing, and completes the general structure of 
the foot through furnishing its sensible parts with a dense 
covering, hard and resisting, and yet elastic; making one with 
them, and protecting them against injury from bodies with 
which the foot, by nature of its office, is destined to be in 
incessant relation. 
[To be continued.] 
Home Department. 
AN ESSAY ON THE DISEASES OF THE TEETH OF 
THE HORSE: 
FOR THE INSTRUMENTS RECOMMENDED FOR THE SURGERY, OF WHICH 
A PRIZE MEDAL HAS BEEN AWARDED AT THE GREAT EXHIBITION. 
By Mr. T. W. Gowing, M.R.C.Y.S. 
[ Read before the Members of the Veterinary Medical Association. ] 
To the Members of the Veterinary Medical Association. 
Gentlemen, — I AM induced to bring this paper before you, 
because, having been now in practice for several years, I have, 
during that time, experienced great difficulties in many re- 
quired operations on the teeth from the want of proper dental 
instruments : I have also been informed by some of my profes- 
