230 
SPAYING OR CASTRATION OF COWS. 
the above description, that the instruments before us are, to the 
neurotomist, portable and useful to a degree he can entertain 
little conception of before he has actually seen and used them. 
Mr. Gowing has commissioned Mr. Brennand (late Long), the 
veterinary instrument maker, at 217, High Holborn, to make 
them, where they are to be found such as we have depictured 
them. 
Foreign Department. 
RESEARCHES AND DISCUSSIONS ON THE SPAYING OR 
CASTRATION OF COWS. 
By M. Pierre Charlier, V.S., at Reims. 
As our population increases, and new wants arise, we 
become sensible of the necessity of augmenting and amelio- 
rating the products of the earth, especially those serving for 
the alimentation of man, such as are immediately required to 
support his health and strength, and which demand the at- 
tention of government and every true friend of humanity. 
Thus it is that the spaying of cows becomes at the present 
day, as Professor Bouley says, the creation of a new race, 
sterile for breeding, but productive and valuable, for the pur- 
poses of yielding milk for the dairy, and meat for the butcher. 
Spaying of cows at a certain period of their life, offers 
immense advantages to the agriculturist and consumer, in 
producing much augmentation of milk and meat, without any 
increase of kind arising; in this way, the animal escapes a host 
of ailments, and spares a host of losses sustained in conse- 
quence of her bulling at times when it is either inconvenient 
or impossible to gratify her desires. 
Formerly, such an operation, successful for a time at first, 
was subsequently followed by sad reverses, in consequence of 
which it was once again abandoned. It evidently became, for 
the purpose of bringing it into favour, absolutely necessary that 
means should be devised to render the operation of spaying 
less dangerous. This it has been my object to effect. 
At first I resolved on important modifications in the pro- 
ceeding recommended by Levrat. I essayed torsion restricted 
to the rupture of the Fallopian tubes, instead of tearing out 
the ovaries. In this way, I avoided the hemorrhage which 
