REVIEWS. 
501 - 
result from either change. Heat 
suddenly applied may be supposed to 
heighten the circulation generally , 
and produce congestion immediately 
within the lungs. Cold suddenly 
applied may irritate the bronchial 
aerating vessels : or it may act on 
them by disturbing the functions of 
the skin. In both these ways, 
drinking cold water when the body 
is hot may produce it. A very 
fertile source of it is also occasioned 
by inordinate exercise, either as 
regards its quickness of progression 
or the continuance of it ; thus it fre- 
quently follows severe runs in 
hunting, and thus also horned cattle 
are liable to it, who, in a high state 
of condition, travel great distances 
to markets or fairs. A cause which 
partakes both of the nature of pre- 
disposing and proximate, is observed 
to particularly operate in some 
seasons : cold moist springs are often 
marked with pneumonic attacks, 
which rage in an epidemic or epi- 
zootic form. 
Symptoms . — This disease some- 
times attacks the horse very sud- 
denly, and he exhibits, after one or 
two shivering fits, all the intensity 
of the complaint ; at others, it steals 
on, and is almost unobserved for two 
or three days ; but whether the 
approach be sudden or retarded, the 
general functions will appear dis- 
turbed. One that first shews itself 
is the unequalled distribution of 
heat, the legs and ears being much 
colder than the body. The coat 
stares, the horse loses his appetite, 
his lively air, and is evidently uneasy, 
and occasionally looks gently round 
towards his flank. In the early 
stages, the nasal linings look paler 
than usual frequently ; but as it 
advances they become of a pink-like 
hue, and although the general sur- 
face of the trunk may vary in its 
temperature, the extremities, as the 
legs, ears, and tail, and sometimes 
the muzzle, will be found uniformly 
cold, often intensely so. Cough is 
by no means a pathognomonic 
symptom; many cases are without 
if, but when it does exist, it is at 
first short, dry, and frequent, but 
applied may act instantly also by 
driving the blood from the skin to 
the deeper-seated organs. A very 
fertile source of it is also occasioned by 
inordinate exercise, as regards quick- 
ness of progression, which wears out 
the vital activity of the lungs ; thus 
it frequently follows severe runs in 
hunting and thus also horned cattle, 
which are unused to any motion, are 
liable to it, when they, in a high 
state of condition, travel great dis- 
tances to markets or fairs. A cause 
is observed to particularly operate in 
some seasons : cold moist spring 
seasons are often marked with pneu- 
mouic attacks, which rage in an epi- 
demic form. 
Symptoms . — This disease some- 
times attacks the horse very suddenly, 
and he exhibits, with one or two 
shivering fits, the excited breathing 
which is symptomatic of the com- 
plaint; at others, it steals on, and 
is almost unobserved for two or three 
days ; but whether the approach be 
sudden or retarded, the general func- 
tions will appear disturbed. One that 
first shows itself is the unequal dis- 
tribution of heat ; the legs and ears 
being much colder than the other 
parts of the body. The coat stares ; 
the horse loses his appetite ; is 
evidently uneasy, and occasionally 
looks gently round towards his chest. 
In the early stages the nasal linings 
look paler than usual; but as it 
advances they become of a leaden 
hue ; and although the general sur- 
face of the trunk may vary in its 
temperature, the extremities, as the 
legs, ears, and tail, and sometimes 
the muzzle, are found uniformly cold. 
Cough is by no means a pathogno- 
monic symptom ; many cases are 
without it ; but when it does exist, 
it is at first short, dry, and frequent, 
and becomes eventually heavy, thick, 
