CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGICAL PATHOLOGY. 141 
sphere of action*.” We must, on the contrary, admit, that all the 
brute creation is, in the same degree, liable to all those ailments 
“ to which our mortal flesh is heir to,” and that the pangs and 
bitterness of pain and affliction is their lot as well as ours : — 
“ The poor beetle that we tread upon, 
In corporal sufferance feels a pang as great 
As when a giant dies.” 
EXPLANATION OF PLATE. 
Fig. 1 . — View of the rudimentary cotyloid cavity, right side. 
a. The flattened cotyloid ridge, over the upper edge of which was 
spread a thin membranous ligament ; above, is a roughened im- 
pression, into which was inserted the strong, though loose, cap- 
sular ligament. 
b. A semilunar, cartilaginous surface, covered with synovial mem- 
brane, occupying but a small portion of the cotyloid ridge above, 
and on which the upper part of the thigh bone moved. 
c. The cotyloid cavity, filled up by a large Haversian gland. 
d. The continuity of the cotyloid ligament, across the small notch 
of the acetabulum. (The notch in the plate has been too deeply 
marked.) 
Fig. 2. — Anterior view of entire thigh bone. 
a. The dotted lines indicate the incurvation of the upper extremity 
of the shaft, to compensate for a support to the articular surface. 
b. Trochanter major. 
c. The rudimentary articular process, extending anteriorly on the 
shaft of the bone. 
d. Anterior edge of the articular ridge. 
e. Epicondyloid bones. 
Fig 3. — View of the articular surface. 
a. Articular surface. 
bb. Posterior edge of articular ridge. 
c. Trochanter minor. 
d. Trochanter major. 
e . Trochanteric fossa. 
* Jones’s Animal Kingdom, p. 652. 
