■t 
I'.njuv )| / y^\ * ft! 
if r f r ' L 
^/LLIMO^WI 
THE VETERINARY ART IN INDIA. 
% J. Grellier, Esq . , M.R.C.S. 
[Continued from p. 380.] 
The reason assigned for the absence of the gall-bladder in 
horses is the continual feeding of the animal, and the smallness of 
the stomach preventing the food from remaining there sufficient 
time to be digested as in other animals. This function, therefore, 
in part, takes place in the intestines. From this structure it will be 
obvious that gall-bile would be prejudicial, hurrying the motion of 
the bowels so much as to prevent the full extraction of the nutri- 
tious parts*. 
The simple structure of these parts in the horse accounts for his 
being less subject to complaints of the liver than animals whose 
biliary system is more complicated, as in the human subject, sheep, 
oxen, &c. 
Of the Jaundice or Yellows. 
The existence of this disease is known by the animal being 
very costive, the feeces very pale and small in quantity, and his 
urine deep-coloured ; the inside of the eyelids, and what is termed 
the white of the eye, are tinged with yellow ; his appetite dimi- 
nishes ; he becomes dull, and hangs his head. If the obstruction 
of bile is great, and the liver is any ways inflamed, he will, per- 
haps, point his head to his right side, expressing uneasiness more 
than direct pain. If the disease is not detected, the animal will 
very soon become poor and out of condition. 
The existence of inflammation in the liver of the horse has been 
disputed. I will only assert, that I have frequently seen instances 
of jaundice, and two or three times attended with considerable 
pain in the right side. One case in particular was in the 13th 
Dragoons, where the animal was so much reduced with all the 
above symptoms in their most aggravated form, that it was not 
supposed possible that he could survive. He was blistered on the 
regions of the liver, and a very strong dose of calomel was given, 
which entirely succeeded. 
* The gall-bladder is the receptacle for a part of the bile from the liver, 
where the more watery parts, being absorbed, render the residue very acrid 
and stimulating, generally termed gall. In animals that have a gall-bladder, 
as in the human subject, sheep, oxen, &c., there are two kinds of bile which 
pour into the stomach. That which comes immediately from the liver is very 
mild, and flows almost continually in health, while that which is in the gall- 
bladder flows only when the stomach is full. The horse has but the former. 
