GLANDERS- 
526 
action lias confined its attack to or expended its force principally 
on the sinuses of the head, we not infrequently find effusions of 
lymph upon the membrane lining them ; and these often tend, as 
they lie upon the floors of the cavities, more or less to obstruct 
their outlets, and in this manner put a temporary or permanent 
arrest to the nasal discharges : hence one reason why a glandered 
horse ejects from his nose a great deal more matter at one time 
than at another. 
ULCERATION is the symptom upon which we place the 
greatest reliance as denoting the presence of glanders. The 
simple circumstance of its appearance is enough to arouse the 
strongest suspicions ; while that of its appearing in the form of 
chancre is conclusive. Scratch the Schneiderian membrane with a 
pin or a nail — or wound it in any ordinary way — and the result will 
be a sore of a common nature; bleeding at first, but, subsequently, 
without the generation of much pus, granulating, and so in the usual 
mode healing ; but, introduce into this scratch virus taken from a 
glandered or farcied animal, and the result will be that, losing all 
disposition to heal, the sore will inflame and secrete an ichorous 
matter, and become converted into a transparent pustule, sur- 
rounded by an areola or circular blush upon the membrane. The 
next day the pustule has broken, and we perceive in the place of 
it, a pale, foul, superficial ulceration, which in the course of another 
day acquires the genuine characters of the glanderous chancre — 
an elevated, circular, pinkish border, including a base of dingy or 
faint yellow albuminous matter, which on being wiped or irritated 
commences bleeding, and, on being by force removed, exposes, when 
the ulcer is deep, the bare cartilage beneath ; when superficial, a 
pale red, rugged, foul, bleeding bottom. From its tendency to 
spread, the ulcer speedily loses its circular figure, exchanging that 
for one too irregular and variable in shape to admit of any further 
characterization : it has, in fact, now become a foul spreading 
ulceration, extending on every side, coalescing with similar ulcer- 
ations in its vicinity, having for its base the cartilage of the septum 
nasi, which alone, from its comparative insusceptibility of the 
ulcerative action, puts a temporary arrest to its devouring activity. 
It is when the ulcers have eaten down to the substance of the 
cartilage, or when others that are situated high up in the meatus 
of the nose, out of sight, have laid bare the turbinated bones, and 
that the substance of the cartilage and bone becomes attacked by 
the disease, that mortification and sloughing or exfoliation of these 
parts takes place, they being too lowly vitalized to carry on the 
ulcerative process : at this time it is likewise that discharges, foul 
to a degree and fetid past bearing, of a dirty green, or brown, or 
blackish nature, are running in great profusion, bringing with them 
