GLANDERS. 
527 
sloughs of bone and cartilage, and clogging and obstructing the 
nasal passages to that degree, that the distressed animal, in the 
last and worst stage of glanders, may hourly expect to end his life 
of torment by an act of suffocation. I do not remember to have 
seen holes made through the septum nasi by ulceration*; but in 
such virulent forms of the disease as I have just described, it is 
not very uncommon to find the turbinated bones ulcerated through 
into the nasal sinus ; and I have seen heads of glandered horses 
that have been next to destitute, -on one or both sides, of any tur- 
binated bones, they having been consumed through the ravages of 
the ulcerative and exfoliating processes. 
Miliary Ulceration : — So is called an ulceration of the same 
membrane, differing altogether in its aspect and tendency from the 
true chancrous ulceration we have just been considering. With 
the miliary ulceration upon it, the surface of the membrane has 
the appearance- — as nearly as I can describe it — of worm-eaten 
wood, every part of it appearing as though full of pin-holes. This 
ulceration is not seen in acute glanders, at least I never saw it ; 
nor is it often found in the sub-acute disease ; but is peculiar, I may 
I think say, to chronic glanders. 
Dupuy, who has well described this species of glanders, cha- 
racterizes these “little ulcerations” as the result of the “degene- 
ration” of miliary tubercles; and represents them, truly, as having 
“thin edges, unevenly excavated, like pin-holes; with this differ- 
ence, however, that the hole made by a pin would be deep and 
pointed, whereas these ulcerations are shallow and have thin 
edges. They are commonly regarded as erosions, sometimes mis- 
taken for the dilated orifices of mucous follicles ; though, if they 
be examined after the mucus in which they are sheathed has been 
removed, and the membrane has been cleansed with water, they 
will be found to be so many little ulcerations. The membrane of 
the septum is frequently covered with these exulcerations, with 
its surface, in places, elevated. They are, however, superficial, 
penetrating merely through some thin layers of the cellular tissue 
of the membrane, thereby rendering its surface irregular, uneven, 
and scabrous. They follow the course of the large veins upon the 
septum. They are found also grouped within the fold of the ala 
nasi , particularly on the left side, and upon the turbinated promi- 
nences and their appendices.” 
ENLARGEMENT OF THE SUBMAXILLARY LYM- 
PHATIC GLANDS — kernels as they are called by grooms — bum- 
boes, as they might with strict pathological propriety be denominat- 
ed, were they seated in the groin instead of underneath the jaw — 
This may arise from a process of deposition upon the opposite side. 
