528 
GLANDERS. 
is in general the earliest external indication we have of the approach 
of glanders. In cases of inoculation, swollen glands are perceptible 
on the third day, ulceration appearing on the fourth. These swell- 
ings owe their origin to the irritation created within the nose, the 
same as buboes are occasioned by irritation set up in the organs of 
generation ; and in horses as well as in man the lymphatic glands 
may become tumefied from common as well as from specific irrita- 
tion : a tight shoe may occasion a buboe in a man ; and I have 
known common injuries, wounds about the nose or mouth, or in 
the limbs, occasion the same thing in horses, though in the latter 
the case is comparatively rare. At first, the submaxillary swelling 
in glanders is commonly small and round, isolated and moveable ; 
or it may be that more glands than one are enlarged, and then the 
swelling will have a sort of lobulous as well as loose feel; now 
and then the tumefaction will be so great at first that we may 
suppose it to be an attack of strangles. I have known the swelling 
altogether to be of that magnitude that it has projected beneath 
the lower border of the under jaw : indeed, their magnitude may 
be said to vary, taking the extreme cases, from a horse-bean to a 
goose-egg. D’Arboval has well observed, in regard to these 
swellings, that “ their smallness is never to be received as a proof 
that no glanders is present;” and he adds, “while their multipli- 
city, especially their successive development one after another, is 
ever a symptom for alarm.” On their first development these 
swellings are in general painful to pressure, and particularly when 
their development has been quick, when they have in a short time 
grown to large size, evincing thereby activity in the disease : 
in cases, however, in which they have never acquired much mag- 
nitude, but remained single and stunted, or disinclined to enlarge, 
becoming firmer in substance and fixed in their situation, they 
possess but little feeling ; indeed often in the course of time, the 
disease having become sub-acute or chronic, they acquire a scir- 
rhous hardness, and almost total insensibility. When first found, 
as I said before, the tumour is often loose and moveable ; as it 
acquires firmness, however, it acquires fixity, getting by degrees 
adherent to the side of the jaw, the tumefaction being confined to 
whichever side of the head the disease occupies. A swollen gland 
or mass of glands forming a tumour of this description is, perhaps, 
the most usual kind of submaxillary tumefaction in glanders : it is 
known by its isolated character, by its distinctly being the only 
tumour present, the skin being drawn tensely over it, and the 
surrounding space being perfectly clear from any tumefaction ; 
lastly, by its close and immoveable adherence to the side of the 
jaw against which it lies. Should there be disease in both cham- 
bers of the nose, we shall have tumefied glands on both sides, 
