ON THE CHARBONNEUX TYPHOID DISEASE OP PIGS. 563 
most serious disorders in the whole economy. In addition to this is 
the constant lying on the dung-heap, whence is exhaled a vast 
quantity of deleterious gas. Also, where they remain far too 
long, on the muddy or arid ground, or are too long exposed to the 
rigour of the season. Such are the causes which impress a func- 
tional derangement., that cannot fail of being dangerous or fatal, 
especially when brought back to the farm. The pigs are then 
exposed to a dangerous degree of humidity, — they lay themselves 
down in an acrid and disgusting dung-heap, that cannot fail of 
being strangely destructive. I could also cite many villages and 
farms which, two months in the year, have the residence of 
their pigs destitute of almost every thing that is comfortable and 
useful. 
Although during the whole course of the year this typhoid dis- 
ease never suspends its ravages, yet there are certain times in 
which it rages with great intensity in the course of the summer 
and the commencement of autumn. There are farms and communes 
where it is enzootic. It is a highly contagious disease. I could 
cite many facts confirmatory of this. I need only to speak of the 
inoculation in different parts of the body, and the ichorous matter 
which is contained in the spots that infest every part, and the con- 
sequence of the pigs at first brought home, apparently sound, but, 
when a little time has passed away, the disease spreading through 
the whole of the piggery. 
As to the transmission of the malady by ordinary means to dif- 
ferent kinds of animals, I am unable to give any opinion. The 
flesh of infected pork has been given to dogs. Nothing has re- 
sulted from this experiment, and the inoculation of blood and of 
ichorous matter have not occasioned any morbid affection with 
regard to the last of these animals ; but it was not the same with 
regard to some sheep that were submitted to the same experiment. 
They died two days after the operation, presenting all the symptoms 
and pathological lesions of charbonneuse fever. 
Preservative Treatment . — The experience of every day proves 
that it is more easy to prevent a malady than to cure or combat it. 
Of consequence I have always said to the farmers, who suffer the 
sad accumulation of typhoide maladies, that they will never banish 
from their piggeries the system of carelessness and ignorance touch- 
ing the cultivation of the pig, and a neglected branch of their reve- 
nues. I have always said to them that, in despite of their singular 
remedies, the scourge under which they labour will not disappear 
until they place the animals in proper situations — not humid, but 
well aired, and where the litter is often renewed — until, also, they 
procure a sound nourishment, properly regulated and of sufficient 
quantity — a pure and limpid water to quench their thirst — and 
