576 MEMORY; ITS INFLUENCE AND IMPORTANCE 
being physicked in this violent manner have been so reduced 
that six months at pasture would hardly recover them. 
In different climates the doses of physic may vary. In this 
country, where there is a continued and very powerful stimulus 
from the increased temperature of the atmosphere, the solids must 
be more relaxed and exhausted ; consequently a stronger stimulus 
must be used, which I find to be the case in every instance where 
I have had occasion to employ stimuli, as in gripes, spasms, & c. 
I have been obliged to administer twice or three times the quantity 
which would be required to produce the same effect in England. 
This holds good in almost the whole of organized nature. The 
human subject requires double or treble the calomel in this coun- 
try to produce the same effect as in England ; and these principles 
also extend to the vegetable kingdom. 
The physic, therefore, required for a full-grown horse in this 
climate, may be one ounce of aloes, and one drachm of calomel, 
with a few drops of oil of aniseed or mint, to prevent pain from 
flatulence. If it does not operate in eight-and- forty hours, it 
may be renewed. This dose will suit common occasions ; but 
must be varied according to circumstances, and attended to in 
the respective complaints. The animal should always be kept on 
a spare loose diet for one or two days previous to his taking phy- 
sic : mashes, perhaps, succeed best. 
The bowels have a continual worm-like movement called the 
peristaltic motion, which shifts and changes the situation of the 
food, and by which fresh portions of it are always brought in contact 
with the surface of the intestines, where the small absorbent ves- 
sels are distributed for the purpose of extracting the nutritious parts. 
This motion also assists the passage of the feeces. 
MEMORY; ITS INFLUENCE AND IMPORTANCE AS 
A SOURCE OF ACTION IN ANIMALS. 
By J. Johnston Kelso, M.D., Lisburn. 
BESIDES the influence of memory as a source of action in 
animals, the consideration of which is here more immediately to 
engage us, there are, very obviously and distinctly, these other 
influences in addition : — 
1. Instinct; 
2. Intellectual action, or ratiocination ; 
3. Mental feeling, or emotion. 
