624 CATTLE AND HORSE INSURANCE. 
Stallions are, in general, horses of endurance, accidents excepted. 
Mares, in addition to the list of diseases to which other horses are 
subject, have disorders of the uterus of sometimes a dangerous 
character, and also of the mammae. Hysteritis is sometimes fatal ; 
and I have known the uterus completely twisted or turned round 
in the act of rolling, and consequently tearing its attachments, 
at the same time allowing the investiture of the fetus to escape 
through a large rent of the uterus into the cavity of the abdomen, 
at or near her time of foaling. I have also seen the distention so 
great, in an advanced state of pregnancy, that the muscles of the 
abdomen have given way, and allowed the bowels to escape 
through to the integument to an enormous extent. Parturition is 
often a difficult affair ; and the udder, also, is rendered subject to 
disease. 
Young horses are especially the subjects of strangles, catarrhal 
fever, and epidemics. The sucking foal is not unfrequently 
attacked with strangles, and as severely, like other horses. I was 
requested, in a hurry, this summer, to attend a foal that was 
suffering so much with strangles that it was feared he could not 
live until I got there ; I, however, promptly attended to the request, 
and found the swelling about the throat so enormous that suffoca- 
tion seemed inevitable : I, therefore, without a moment’s hesitation, 
and with only the assistance of a labourer, and his wife to hold 
the candle, opened the trachea, which, of course, gave him instant 
relief, and the case turned out completely successful. From this 
and many other such cases it seems necessary to insure early 
attention to every case. 
Mr. Cartwright gives the following answers to the Queries : 
1. About 15 years. 
2. . 12 years. 
3. . 12 years. 
4. I think that this ought to be divided, as hunters, from their 
dangerous employment, are liable to die sooner than stallions ; 
but I suppose (lie adds) that you would not allow for horses dying 
after a severe chase. Hunters, in the hands of a skilful and sen- 
sible rider, would last longer than if they belonged to a young and 
foolish sportsman. I should arrange the age of hunters at 8 to 11 
or 12, but I would not insure them, as I think there can be no 
certainty about it. One man may take every possible care, and 
another may destroy all before him, so that one would be paying 
for the other. Those that keep them can generally afford to pay 
for them. 
There ought to be a difference in the stallions. I have always 
fancied that there is a greater mortality in cart-horses than in 
thorough-bred ones. I think the former, during “ the season,” 
