CATTLE AND HORSE INSURANCE. 667 
7. What are the most prevalent diseases among horses ? — Arts. 
Class 1, indigestion, arising from feeding upon hard fibrous coarse 
food, and standing idle a day or two now and then in the stable ; 
also, a strangulated gut, which is of frequent occurrence. Class 2, 
similar in degree to Class 1. Class 3, inflammation of the lungs 
and the common distemper. Class 4, similar to Class 3. Class 5, 
similar in degree to the different classes of horses and the purposes 
for which they are used. 
8. What are the most fatal? — Arts. Strangulated gut, inflam- 
mation of the lungs, and hydrothorax. 
9. To what diseases are young horses most particularly subject? 
— Arts. Inflammation of the lungs, and catarrhal fevers. 
10. Under and above what ages ought we not to insure horses? 
— Ans. Class 1, under 15 and above 2 years. Class 2, under 12 
and above 4 years. Class 3, under 10 and above 4 years. Class 4, 
under 12 and above 4 years. Class 5, under 18 and above 3 years. 
11. At what rate per cent, might the different classes of horses 
be insured? — Ans. This, of course, will depend on the age at the 
time of insurance. Class 1, above 5 and under 15, may be safely 
at 10 per cent. Class 2, above 6 and under 12, at about 14 
per cent. Class 3, above 6 and under 10, at about 15 per cent. 
Class 4, above 6 and under 12, at about 20 per cent. Class 5, 
above 6 and under 15, at about 10 to 14 per cent. 
Mr. Kent, of Bristol, inquires into the average length of the 
life of horses, and gives the following list : — 
1st. Twelve to 15 years. 
2d. Ten to 12 ditto. 
3d. If early used for such purposes, 5 to 8 years. 
4th. I believe that hunters do not average more than 4 years in 
that work, but I am not aware that they are shorter-lived than 
other horses. The number of stallions is too small to afford me an 
opportunity of forming an opinion. I have had two die, and only 
two, under my medical treatment, in thirty-one years; each 
horse was 4 years old, and both died of gastro-enteritis. 
5th. Mares, I believe, live as long as horses. 
6th. By death from disease of the vital organs, not more than 
2 per cent, per annum, except from epizootic diseases; but by lame- 
ness from disease, accidents, &c., rendering the animal useless, the 
amount of mortality is much increased. 
7th. Enteritis, laryngitis, and bronchitis. 
8th. Gastro-enteritis and tuberculated lungs. 
9th. Inflammatory affections of the eyes, the diseases mentioned 
in answers to questions Nos. 7 and 8; to bursal enlargements 
about the joints, ligamentous thickenings, and ossific enlargements. 
10th and 11th. Can only be speculated upon, and, in my opinion, 
