TIIE HISTORY OF GLANDERS. 
713 
never seen either of the maxillary sinuses diseased unless the 
frontal sinuses were also affected.” Mr. Smith, like Lafosse and 
Coleman, regards glanders as “inflammation, increased secretion, 
and ulceration of the mucous membrane lining the nostrils and the 
other cavities of the head.” He has seen but “eight cases in 
which death was occasioned by suffocation.” — “ In several cases 
he has seen the mucous membrane ulcerated, and the bones affected, 
without any enlargement between the maxillary bones.” He feels 
it “scarcely possible,” from the “various shapes” glanders assumes, 
to give such an account as will “ enable a person who has not been 
in the habit of investigating the symptoms, to determine with 
certainty whether a horse be really glandered or not :” he has 
“ seen many horses pronounced glandered where no indication of the 
disease could be found to exist in the head after death.” — Follow- 
ing Coleman, he reckons but “ two species of glanders, — acute and 
chronic.” — “ The acute disease is situated in the nasal sinuses , 
and is frequently a primary disease, as well as a sequel of other 
diseases previously existing in the system, particularly farcy , 
which has probably occasioned them to have been mistaken for the 
same disorder. But, notwithstanding they are produced by the 
same cause, and appear in the same subject, they are nevertheless 
distinct diseases, having no other affinity than there is between a 
'primary and a secondary disease.” Mr. Smith has “ seen glanders 
without farcy produced by diseased liver” — and “ both farcy and 
glanders are the consequence of diseased mesentery”-— also farcy 
by itself and glanders by itself from the same. — “ When glanders is 
a concomitant of farcy, it is generally in consequence of that disease 
having extended to the mesentery ;” — this membrane “ falls into 
decay, and then glanders appears, generally, a few days before 
death ; not because it is the same disease, but because the nostrils, 
being an extreme part, and their living power diminished, the 
mucous membrane becomes susceptible of inflammation, which is 
probably excited and increased by the ingress and egress of the 
air in respiration :” &c. Mr. Smith has “ never seen death oc- 
casioned by the acute glanders, except by suffocation or hemor- 
rhage. If it was a constitutional disease, would it not affect the 
system, and produce death in a variety of other shapes 1 In the 
chronic state, glanders does not produce any other disease in the 
system” — “ nor occasion death, except by destroying the orbitary 
processes of the os frontis, and affecting the brain.” In one sub- 
ject he has “ seen death occasioned by a morbid affection of the 
brain.” In another, “ matter compressing that organ so as to 
occasion lethargy.” 
AYGALENQ, a French physician, in a pamphlet, published in 
1809, entitled, “ Apei^u General sur la Perfectibilite de la Me- 
