TIIE HISTORY OF GLANDERS. 
717 
causes, such as the relapse and chronic prolongation of diseases at 
first acute and of a different nature ; from which it follows that 
glanders may be either constitutional or acquired. The former will 
be primitive or secondary, according as the tuberculous affection 
has its seat exclusively or at least originally in the pituitary, or 
as that membrane becomes affected through extension of the disease 
from the lungs; the latter — or acquired disease — will be the result 
and producer of phlegmasial irritations, repeated or more or less 
protracted, sometimes in the pituitary alone, but oftener, if not 
always, in the mucous membrane lining the air-passages, a cir- 
cumstance which, at the time that the degeneration (of tubercles) 
exists nowhere but in the nose, goes far to shew that glanders is an 
affection purely consecutive to these same irritations.” — In fine, 
according to Rodet, glanders is no more than a symptomatic dis- 
order — “a morbid state ever consequent upon other disease*.” 
BENARD, in some researches he made into the nature of the 
blood in glandered horses, discovered albumen to be predominant 
in it according to the length of time the disease had existed, and 
that any amelioration that took place of the patient under its 
influence was attended by a correspondent diminution of the 
quantity of albumen. In some horses virulently glandered, albumen 
constituted seven-eighths of the mass of blood. And this excess of 
albumen in the blood, Benard ascribes rather to disease of those 
excretories of the body which give issue to albuminous secretions, 
than to irritation or modification of the vitality of organs whose 
function it is to renovate the circulating fluidt . 
BARTHELEMY, in discussion before the Royal Academy of 
Medicine, wished to be understood that he had never pronounced 
glanders to be a local disease. Acute glanders cannot be con- 
sidered as a local affection, from the circumstance of its being 
accompanied by an eruption all over the body : it is a constitu- 
tional malady, whose principal, essential, characteristic effects 
shew themselves in the nasal cavities. Nevertheless, some facts 
lead him to believe that the particular affection, denominated chro- 
nic glanders, is a local disease!. 
Delafond thinks that glanders is often bred in the system. 
So far from imagining that the disease originates always in the 
pituitary membrane, he affirms that in an immense majority of 
cases its seat is in the ly7nphatic system ; and that its nature con- 
sists in an alteration, about which we know little, of the lymph as 
well as of the vessels conveying itt. 
HURTREL D’ARBOVAL sums up the ancient as well as modern 
doctrines on glanders, and concludes his interesting summary with 
* Reeherches sur la Nature et les Causes de la Morve, 1830. 
f D’Arboval’s Dictionary, article “ morve.” 
VOL. XVII. * 5 C 
