CATTLE AND HORSE INSURANCE. 
7*25 
little cellular membrane between them, and not having within any of 
that villous covering which the other had, nor did it shew the ap- 
pearance of the strong muscular tissue that the other did. 
The division between the two bladders had more the appearance 
of the coats of the false one, as it was thinner ; but the true one 
within was nearly covered with the villous coat, leaving only a 
spot, the size of the end of one’s finger, uncovered, in the centre of 
which there was a small opening, partially covered with a flap of 
membrane that would admit a probe, and, we thought, led to the 
false bladder; but this idea was not realized, nor could we force the 
least portion through it. 
I am inclined to believe that this distended portion must have 
been a part of the urachus or bladder, and that, from some cause, 
inflammation of its mucous membrane must have taken place, 
causing the union of its sides, and thus the division ; but how it 
came to be so greatly distended I cannot say. Was the serum 
secreted by its lining membrane 1 Or was there a valvular open- 
ing, admitting the urine, but not allowing of its escape 1 
It had not the least appearance of an hydatid. 
CATTLE AND HORSE INSURANCE. 
[Continued from page 670.] 
Mr. Bowles says, “ I have for some years past been employed 
in the iron works, &c., consequently have had an opportunity of 
judging the difficulty that may arise for carrying out your object. 
In the first place, the horses belonging to the iron-masters are highly 
fed, varying from a peck and a half to two pecks of oats daily, and 
from 20 to 251bs. of cut hay each horse, and in a great many in- 
stances not particular as to quality. 
The great quantity of food for each horse may appear unreason- 
able, but the severe exertion they have to undergo and size 
of the animal account for it : I have known it in many instances 
not sufficient. 
The great changes of temperature, most of them going under 
ground in the morning at six o’clock, and returning at night, having 
a mile or more to travel, and being exposed to the severe weather 
which is so prevalent upon the hills; and others going under 
ground half a mile or more, then coming out perhaps ten or twelve 
times a-day, have a very great tendency to disease. 
Accidents, again, are of frequent occurrence, from falls of the 
levels and various other causes. 
VOL. XVII. 5 D 
