VENTILATION ON BOARD SHIP. 
193 
respiration, quickened and feeble circulation, coloured mucous 
membranes, and engorgement of all the superficial veins 
to nearly double their natural calibre, with coughing and 
6i blowing/’ were rife on every side. Those animals which 
were in the shade were covered with a profound perspiration, 
while the others in the sunlight were perfectly dry, but 
suffering to an insupportable degree from the flies. Well- 
bred and irritable animals showed more uneasiness than those 
of a coarser quality and phlegmatic disposition ; hence 
English horses required most attention, as they became 
nearly mad, whilst the Bulgarian horses did not exhibit 
anything more than congestion of the lungs, and stood 
quietly. 
On getting out of harbour, the sea being rather rough, 
about fifteen of them dropped down, and, to save their lives, 
slinging was absolutely necessary, for, not to say anything of 
the injury which might have been done them by the feet of 
the other horses, had they remained lying, they would un- 
doubtedly have been suffocated from being placed in that 
heavy stratum of carbonic acid gas, which, in spite of the 
laws of gaseous diffusion, kept possession of the lower part of 
the hold. The prompt administration of diffusible stimulants, 
with sponging the entire body and head with cold water, and 
giving acidulated water to drink, proved of service in the 
majority of the cases, but others required energetic anti- 
phlogistic treatment. 
All this arose from a deficient supply of air, and from the 
absence of such arrangements whereby a current or motion 
might be produced, so that the poisonous material thrown off 
by the lungs and other excretory channels might be removed, 
or at least rendered less noxious by being diluted with the 
higher and more pure atmosphere. The volume of air con- 
sumed by each animal in such hot weather must be something 
enormous, if the conditions of health are to be maintained 
sound and perfect by a proper aeration of the blood in the 
pulmonary apparatus and on the surface of the body; and 
when stimulants require to be given this consumption of air 
and the production of carbonic acid gas must be very much 
increased, so that every measure calculated to facilitate the 
supply of the one and the removal of the other, ought, in 
these days of improvements, to be carefully attended to. 
Of course, on shipboard we cannot expect to have so 
perfect a ventilation as we have in our stables, especially in 
those emergencies when every inch of room is valuable ; but 
this ought to be the very reason why it should be improved, 
for horses taken from airy and roomy stables, and thrust 
