252 
THE EASTERN CAMPAIGN. 
in the agonies of death. In this state, a copious alvine eva- 
cuation, of a thin, dirty gray colour, mingled with blood, and 
very offensive, took place. Then came reaction, with re- 
stored animation. Soon, however, this was succeeded by 
another attack (these attacks we subsequently found came on 
at certain periods), until nothing but blood was voided. The 
attacks frequently lasted at first only three or four hours, 
sometimes less, when death took place. On making a 
post-mortem examination of the bullock already dead, the 
following appearances presented themselves. On opening the 
abdomen, the first and second stomachs were found much 
distended with undigested food. The many plus was firmly 
impacted with undigested matter, which was firm and dry. 
The abomasum was almost empty, containing only a dirty 
coloured liquid, similar to the evacuations, amongst which 
was a considerable quantity of blood. The whole of the 
villous membrane was in a high state of inflammation, which 
continued all along the small and large intestines, and 
these contained only a similar fluid, mixed w 7 ith mucus and 
blood. 
The liver w 7 as much engorged with blood, and the gall- 
bladder enormously distended with bile. The kidneys were 
healthy. The contents of the thorax do not call for any 
especial remark, the appearances being such as usually pre- 
sent themselves w 7 hen an animal has died from exhaustion. 
The vessels of the brain were injected, and a small quantity 
of serum w T as effused into the third ventricle of the cerebrum. 
It thus became evident, that the disease w r as one affecting 
the digestive organs, much gastric irritation and fever being 
present; that it rapidly assumed a dysenteric character, and 
was accompanied with great sensorial derangement. Sub- 
sequent experience enabled me to confirm this opinion. In 
many extreme cases vomiting took place, and the disease 
assumed the nearest approach to Asiatic cholera I have ever 
yet seen in animals. 
And it is not a little singular that it should first have 
made its appearance in the same Asiatic localities, and to be 
pursuing its ravages in similar directions as that fearful 
disease did. After leaving Constantinople it proceeded in 
the direction of Yarna and Schumla, thence by the Danubian 
provinces into Austria, and is now extending itself into 
Germany and Russia. This disease must not be confounded 
with pleuro-pneumonia, w 7 hich still exists, committing great 
ravages on the Continent. They are totally distinct. But 
as every malady abroad, of so formidable a nature, is called 
murrain, there is some difficulty in separating the two. 
