MEMOIRS OF A VETERINARY SURGEON. 255 
mild chronic glanders. Those destroyed had ulcers in their 
nostrils, and miliary tubercles in their lungs. 
At one time I had no less than twenty-eight of these cases 
under treatment in this establishment, all having long-standing 
discharge from their nostrils. In some of them the discharge 
was very offensive : in others, there was no fetid smell at all. 
I trephined twenty-two out of the twenty-eight cases. Some 
'were trephined twice, others three times, and several had 
four and five openings in their head at one time. Both the 
maxillary, malar, and frontal cavities were opened. I had 
ingeniously formed syringes made to enter these cavities, 
used various detergent and astringent lotions, applied blister 
after blister upon the forehead and under the jaws, inserted 
rowels, setons, &c., and gave all the known therapeutical 
remedies advocated for this disease for months and months. 
As it may be supposed, 1 had my hands full of cases of 
glanders, and my head full of rumours of glanders. Eighteen 
out of the twenty-eight cases recovered, and stood the test 
of many years’ honest servitude afterwards 'without a recur- 
rence of the complaint. The others died under treatment, 
or were destroyed, as some of them degenerated into acute 
glanders, or farcy, or showed other symptoms that proclaimed 
them to be highly dangerous and incurable. Some I treated 
with vegetable tonics, others with mineral tonics, and others 
again with the two combined. To some cases I gave can- 
tharides, to others arsenic, administered either in powder in 
their food or in draught. I found that old horses could not 
endure the effects of the sulphate of copper for any length of 
time. The pituitary membranes became pale and tinged 
blue ; their legs would swell, the appetite fail, and they would 
sink under the treatment if persisted in. I found in some 
cases one cavity full of matter, in others another cavity which 
would escape the moment the plate of bone was removed. 
In some the pus was laudable and of a healthy consistence; 
in others, thin, glairy, and glutinous in quality : in others 
again it was in a curdy or cheesy state. In a few I found an 
entire absence of matter in every cavity ; but the membrane 
was considerably thickened having connecting bands of lymph, 
which, in some instances, had become organized. I found 
considerable difficulty in keeping down these spurious 
organizations. Fortunately, since that time the disease has 
not made its appearance in this establishment, except in one 
or two cases. 
I have, however, had several similar cases from other 
establishments since then. One was a young strong cart- 
horse with a long-standing discharge from the off nostril that 
