264 CONTRIBUTIONS TO VETERINARY SCIENCE. 
interesting and characteristic. The lungs were tuberculated ; 
the costal membrane was covered generally with small hard 
knobs of an earthy consistence ; the liver was diminished in 
size and scirrhous, containing tubercular matter, and when 
cut into, its tubes frequently contained flukes ; the spleen 
was also tuberculated, and the peritoneum was studded all 
over with tumours similar to those of the costal pleura; the 
mesenteric glands and the intestines were tuberculous, and 
the latter viscera were sometimes found in a state of ulceration, 
and invariably they contained large quantities of worms. 
MANGE. 
The disease first manifested itself on the neck and 
shoulders, and the thinnest parts of the skin, and thence 
rapidly extended over all the body. The hair fell off, leaving 
exposed small red spots, having intolerable itchiness, which 
induced the animal constantly to rub and bite himself. 
The adipose tissue entirely disappeared, leaving the skin 
adherent to the body. It soon became thickened with scurf, 
and rose into large folds, like the skin of the hippopotamus. 
Between these ridges and under the scurf, it was often raw 
and ulcerated. The eyes became sunken in their orbits ; 
there was general wasting and emaciation of the body ; the 
appetite being almost fiendish to the last. The animal 
gradually sank from total exhaustion of the vital force. 
The autopsy generally revealed no very marked disease. 
The usual appearances were, paleness and flaccidity of all the 
tissues, with, occasionally, large accumulations of unhealthy 
mucus in the intestines. 
The treatment of this intractable disease was very un- 
satisfactory. The rigor of the climate, and the want of 
proper clothing, often forbade and rendered our best curative 
treatment worse than useless, and even hurtful. 
To have removed their horn-like and hairy covering, 
either by digestive or detergent applications, and clipping them 
without being able to clothe and protect them from the cold, 
had the infallible effect of cutting short their existence. 
Many animals were dressed with coal-tar, which formed a 
thick matted covering at the extremity of the hair, im- 
penetrable to wet; but this apparently good quality was 
more than counterbalanced, as it did not reach the skin 
itself, and effectually prevented every other application from 
doing so. White-washing with lime and water was re- 
commended, and adopted by some, but with the few on 
which I tried it, it rendered the skin dry and hard, and com- 
