526 
CATTLE PESTILENCE. 
duced there by the Russian armies, coming from Wallachia 
by Transylvania. It was in 1854 that the disease was at its 
height ; and yet even then it was not spoken of in France. 
When, in 1856, they began to be terrified, it was closed up 
in a single circle — that of Buda-and seemed about to 
disappear. 
The Hungarian race of cattle do not engender the typhus. 
The disease is solely due to the race of the Russian steppes ; 
and it has reigned so long in Hungary only in consequence 
of the difficulty they labour under in adopting sanitary 
measures in a country still groaning under the consequences 
of a terrible war, and in which the Administration experiences 
great difficulty in organizing itself. The war had in a few 
days introduced the typhus into Hungary; but it requires a 
prolonged peace to root it out from thence. 
In spite of the nearness of the infected countries, the con- 
tagion, thanks to the measures taken at the frontier, had not 
been able to enter Austria; and yet the slaughter-houses of 
Vienna never cease a single instant from drawing their supplies 
from Hungary, taking care, however, to admit into Austria 
only cattle coming from non-infected districts, and proved to 
be healthy. As to those suspected, they destroy them at the 
frontier, cut them up there, and convey the meat to Vienna 
in closed carriages, having that special service. 
We have, therefore, n»o reason to fear the invasion of this 
terrible scourge. It takes its origin in the steppes of Russia. 
The states which separate us from those countries know the 
certain means of arresting the evil in its passage. Sanitary 
measures are enforced as soon as the danger is proclaimed, 
and executed with severity. The frontiers are guarded care- 
fully, and if it is judged necessary to suffer animals to pass, 
healthy in appearance, but coming from a suspected country, 
the drove is not allowed to deviate from a passage specially 
marked out and completely isolated. 
In the course of this same journey, Messrs. Renault and 
Imlin have stated that, at the same time, the cattle pest made 
great ravages in Poland, where it had been conveyed in 1855 
by infected droves, brought by Jewish merchants to supply 
the corps of Russian troops, dispersed in many of the 
fortresses of that great province. It has ever since been 
established and maintained there, in consequence of the 
absence of sanitary arrangements ; and in spite of the vigilance 
exercised upon the whole line of the Prussian frontier, it had 
penetrated into the Duchy of Posen, where it had invaded 
two villages; and into the province of Konigsberg, in which 
thirty-four villages were infected. Immediately, however. 
