574 
MANAGEMENT OF DAIRY CATTLE. 
carry off in 20 weeks 25 lbs. of nitrogen, equal to 30 of am- 
monia. The same quantity of milk will carry off 7 lbs. of 
phosphate of lime in 20 weeks from each acre. 
A fattening animal gaining flesh at the rate I have described 
will carry off about one third of the nitrogen (equal to about 
10 lbs. of ammonia) abstracted by the milch cow, whilst if 
full grown it will restore the whole of the phosphate. 
It is worthy of remark, that experience states that rich 
pastures used for fattening fully maintain their fertility 
through a long series of years ; whilst those used for dairy 
cows require periodical dressings to preserve their fertility. 
If these computations be at all accurate, they tend to show 
that too little attention has been given to the supply of sub- 
stances rich in nitrogenous compounds in the food for our 
milch cows, whilst we have laid too much stress on this pro- 
perty in food for fattening cattle. They tend also to the 
inference, that in the effects on the fertility of our pastures 
used for dairy purposes, we derive advantage not only from 
the phosphate of lime, but also from the gelatine of bones 
used as manure. 
On comparing the results from my milch cows fed in 
summer on rich pasture, and treated at the same time with 
the extra food I have described, with the results when on 
winter food, and "whilst wholly housed, taking into account 
both the yield of milk and the gain of weight, 1 find those 
from stall-feeding fully equal to those from depasture. The 
cows which I buy as strippers, for fattening, giving little 
milk, from neighbouring farmers who use ordinary food, such 
as turnips with straw or hay, when they come under my 
treatment, increase their yield of milk, until after a week or 
two they give two quarts per day more than when they came, 
and that too of a much richer quality. 
Richness of Milk and Cream. 
I sometimes observe in the weekly publications which come 
under my notice, accounts of cows giving large quantities of 
butter; these are usually, however, extraordinary instances, 
and not accompanied with other statistical information re- 
quisite to their being taken as a guide; and it seldom happens 
that any allusion is made to the effects of the food on the 
condition of the animals, without which no accurate estimate 
can be arrived at. On looking over several treatises to which 
I have access, I find the following statistics on dairy produce : 
Mr. Morton, in his c Cyclopaedia of Agriculture,’ p. 621* 
gives the results of the practice of a Mr. Young, an extensive 
