6 
NATURE OF GLANDERS. 
four to six days, at most, suffice for some of them to commence in 
pimple and terminate in ulcer.” 
“ The excoriations and superficial ulcerations of the nasal mem- 
brane in glanders take their rise in the same manner as the deeper 
ulcerations we denominate chancres. And similar lesions are to be 
observed upon the mucous membrane of the larynx, the Eustachian 
tubes, the trachea, and the velum palati. The cartilages of the 
nose, lar} r nx, and trachea, become likewise, on occasions, the seats 
of tubercles and ulcers.” 
“ There are other lesions of the Schneiderian membrane which 
still bear the strongest analogy to certain forms of farcy. These 
consist of pimples, more prominent than the preceding, rounded, 
solitary or confluent, and either red at their origin, or else white, 
surrounded by a circle of red. At first they are hard, but they 
soon grow soft and turn to ulcerations, which spread with rapidity. 
Their especial seats are the places whereupon appear the tubercles 
and the variously disposed tubercular masses ; the regions, in fact, 
in which exist the greatest number of lymphatics. This form (of 
the disease) is always marked by acute symptoms, and by lesions 
spreading over the membrane of the nose, sinuses, larynx, and 
sometimes trachea as well. And it is either accompanied or pre- 
ceded by complete alteration of the fluids; the effects of which are 
very evident on a number of organs, in particular on the mem- 
branes of the nose, the sinuses, and the larynx. Very extensive 
ecchymoses take place in the mucous membranes and fibrous tis- 
sues underneath the nasal cavities ; and these hemorrhages are, on 
occasions, followed by destruction of the ecchymosed tissues.” 
“ The Lymphatic Glands, those in particular receiving the 
lymphatics from the affected parts, are larger than in their natural 
condition, softer in substance, and paler ( blafardes ), and contain 
little yellowish white masses, the transformations, probably, of the 
altered lymphatic fluid. In some cases this liquid appears to be 
infiltrated into the tissue of the gland, in others, to be accumulated 
in little sacs,” &c. 
“ T have met with tubercles, or rather deposits of albuminous 
substance, in the glands of horses affected with all kinds of glanders 
and farcy. But these deposits are by no means infallible signs of 
the chronicity of the disease. And this is a point I wish to lay 
stress upon, since it seems to correct an error which by many, as 
well as by myself, has been long entertained.” 
“ In glanders and farcy, the lesions we have denominated tuber- 
culous in the glands, are found within the lungs, the liver, the spleen, 
the testicles, &c. And, moreover, I have observed, in respect to 
the lungs, that the tuberculous growths exist in greater numbers, 
