‘276 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGICAL ANATOMY. 
wound, healthy granulations appeared. These were encouraged 
by dressing with a digestive liniment of turpentine and oil. During 
the sloughing of the wound some little food escaped, but, ultimately, 
the wound perfectly healed, and at the end of five weeks there 
was scarcely a mark to be found : in ten weeks from the time the 
operation was performed she was sold to be slaughtered. I took 
care to secure the esophagus. 
When the cow was killed she was worth a little more money 
than when the accident happened : though this might not, perhaps, 
amply repay the trouble and expense attending the operation, it 
at least shews what may be done in cases of emergency, when 
assisted by that power which is inherent in every animal, and 
I believe partially so in the cow, the vis medicatrix naturce. 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGICAL ANATOMY. 
By James Mercer, M. D., Fellow of the Royal College of 
Surgeons, and Lecturer on Anatomy , §c., Edinburgh. 
[Continued from page 598, vol. xvii.] 
IX. On the Structure and Uses of the ‘Tongue, considered as 
an Organ of Taste and of Prehension in Graminivorous and 
Herbivorous Animals. 
In my former paper I considered the muscular or basement 
structure of the tongue as adapting it especially for the perform- 
ance of its intrinsic movements during the processes of insalivation 
and the primary ones of deglutition; and, consistently with the ar- 
rangement therein proposed, I shall now proceed to point out the 
nature of its investing membrane, with its appendages, the pa- 
pillae, as contributing to the functions of prehension and the sense 
of taste. 
On the Structure of the Der mo-mucous Membrane of the Tongue 
with its Appendages, the Papillce. 
It has been long known that, in most of the herbivorous mam- 
malia, and especially in the ruminantia, independent of the epithe- 
lium or cuticular layer, the dermo-mucous membrane covering the 
upper surface of the tongue is of a very firm and dense texture, 
and that it forms, as it were, appendages to itself, what the hairs, 
