676 
VETERINARY 0BSTETR1CY. 
jaw has been fractured, how soon it will become united, sufficiently, 
at least, for the foetus to suck. 
If we cannot get it away by any of these means — and that some- 
times is the case — we must insert hooks into the orbits. Some- 
times, even when we do this, the hooks break and bring portions 
of the face away. If this should be the case, we must then insert 
them in different parts, such as the roof of the mouth, or the back 
of the head, under the suspensory ligament. The instruments I 
have for this purpose are either hooks with cords attached to them, 
or long iron rods with hooks, and wooden handles thereto. The 
latter I generally use, and they are about a yard long. Some of 
them have sharp points, others are blunt. 
There are very useful instruments, drawings and descriptions of 
which may be found in the sixteenth volume of The VETERINA- 
RIAN, page 103, invented by Mr. A. S. Copeman, V.S., Walpole, 
Norfolk, and which I think would be very useful in some of these 
cases, as there would be no danger in wounding parts in case they 
should break out. One is in the shape of a pair of calipers with 
openings at one end for a cord to pass through in order to pull at 
them, other ends may be inserted into the orbits. 
Impaction of the Head. 
In the generality of natural presentations, provided the passage 
is fully dilated, and the foetus is not over large, there will be but 
little difficulty in extracting the foetus ; but, now and then, it will 
be found that, by pulling at the legs only, the head will not come 
forward out of the passage, owing to the nose or head being com- 
pletely impacted, bent, and forced back on its neck against the 
pelvis, by the fore arms filling up the passages too much. If so, 
we should tie a cord around the neck, so that the whole head 
would be brought into its proper situation. If we pull at the lower 
jaw only, the upper one and the head are liable to be still pressed 
against the upper part of the vagina, and so obstruct, in some de- 
gree, the extraction of the foetus. If we cannot pass a cord around 
the neck, we must try what we can do with one on the lower jaw, 
or we may put hooks into the head. 
Head only Presenting, one or both Fore Legs behind. 
One of the most common presentations, and one the soonest 
remedied, is that of the head only making its appearance, with 
either the one or both of the fore feet within the uterus. In these 
