REMARKS ON THE USE OF CLYSTERS IN THE HORSE. 11 
The horizontal tube is twelve inches long, tapering from 
one extremity, where its bore is one inch, to the other 
orifice, half an inch in diameter; the perpendicular tube is 
four inches long, with inch-bore throughout, and at the top 
is a funnel, six inches deep, and seven and a half inches in 
diameter above, which holds three pints of water up to the 
lower rim, that is to say, within an inch of being full. 
The history of this wisely-conceived instrument is unknown 
to me, beyond that I first used it in the town of Spezzia, in 
the Sardinian kingdom. Taking some horses, that I had 
purchased in England, to Florence, and being detained at 
the town of Spezzia, by a young horse affected with strangles, 
complicated with pleurisy, I sent from my inn to borrow an 
injecting syringe of the veterinary surgeon or farrier. The 
messenger returned, saying the little town afforded no better 
than the instrument above described, and which at once 
favorably impressed me, as experience had long since taught 
me, that no mechanical force was necessary in introducing 
fluid into the rectum, beyond that required simply to empty 
the syringe or bladder, or other such receptacle. 
The tube having been dipped in oil, it was introduced into 
the anus ; there supported by the left hand, and balanced by 
the right, whilst an assistant poured from a jug into the funnel, 
a mixture of warm water and oil. It flowed into the rectum, 
by gravitation, in an uninterrupted stream, till the pent-up 
gas, in attempting to escape from the intestine, checked the 
entrance of fluid, but as several large bubbles of air passed 
through the water in the funnel the whole of the water 
passed on. After repeated trials, I had a similar instrument 
