40 PROGRESS OF VETERINARY SCIENCE AND. ART. 
kneel down, to get at them more readily. Like bulls they 
willingly scrape the ground up with their feet, and have a 
strange bull-like bellow. This bellow becomes stronger and 
continuous, even in the shed, night and day, but more 
especially heard in the morning. In some animals it is not 
so strong but rather low. In rare instances this symptom is 
altogether wanting or very rarely loud. The sacrosciatic 
ligaments, if they have not already remained loose since the 
last calf, become so, especially at their posterior margins, 
whereby there is a greater excavation than usual between the 
tail and ischia. The pudenda and vagina are only rarely 
very red, and discharge of mucus is also rarely observed. 
From being excited and impatient they absolutely become 
wild, jump over their enclosures, run about, and even make 
directly for men. 
The appetite, like all the functions of vegetative life, is 
undisturbed, but nevertheless, from their very excited con- 
dition, these cows lose flesh rapidly. 
Schmidt says that the disease is common in Kettwig, it is 
not a rare affection in Switzerland, and in Upper Suavia, 
Ulrich Schneider, from the year 1829 to 1851, spayed not 
less than 772 cows for it. 
The post-mortem appearances, as observed by Schmidt, 
w 7 ere invariably as follow : — no fat betwdxt the muscles, 
which were of a bluish colour, and emitted the characteristic 
odour of the flesh of a bull. The uterus, powerfully con- 
tracted, contained a large amount of mucus of the colour and 
consistence of the albumen of the egg. The ovaries are firm 
to the feel, and include many enlarged Graaffian vesicles, 
varying in size from a hazel to a walnut, filled with a 
yellowdsh fluid. There is no determination of blood to 
the generative apparatus. The digestive, respiratory, and 
urinary organs are free from disease. In one case, in w T hich 
during life there w 7 as a peculiar look of the eye and twisted 
position of the neck, Schmidt found, in the cranial cavity, 
much limpid serum. As he had not examined the cranium 
in preceding cases, Schmidt know T s not if this lesion is con- 
stant, or merely in this instance as the result of a concomitant 
affection. 
The causes of nymphomania are, according to Schmidt, 
rich forage, warm sheds, and perhaps preventing the cows 
from suckling their young. 
It is strange that so many cows, although they show a 
desire for the bull eight or ten times during a summer without 
ever being put to him — often seen where they are well fed 
with oil cake — do not become affected with nymphomania. 
