DISEASES AMONG HORSES IN THE CRIMEA. 265 
cines, having only my own private chest for all my wants ; 
while I am also nearly without instruments, for my case I 
unfortunately lost when riding one day; and the honesty we 
read of as pursued by the Turks has not been exemplified by 
its being returned to me. “ Vis medicatrix naturae ’ 5 is there- 
fore a powerful ally of mine ; and I get on pretty well, a 
friend of mine here, Dr. Hyde, being my resource when I 
am “hard up ’ 5 for medicines. On Sunday morning last, 
while eating my usual frugal breakfast, consisting of black 
bread, tea, et “rayon de miel,” a note came from the com- 
missariat, stating that fourteen of his cattle were dying per 
diem , and asking me to meet him, to inspect, advise, and find 
out the cause, and, of course, to supply the remedies. Being 
then very busy, having to inspect a newly arrived detachment 
of horses, I appointed midday to meet him, and somewhat 
hurrying over my inspection, I galloped to the cattle shed, 
and found him looking at a fine ox lying down. “ There, 
doctor, this is the way they go off / 5 said he. “They lie 
down so for days, and then die.” He then asked me to 
examine it. I questioned the herdsman, who said there was 
no diarrhoea (there had been cases of diarrhoea and enteritis, 
as per report previously). I examined it, and at once gave 
an opinion that it was pneumonia ; when, as if to belie me, 
the animal voided a quantity of thin bloody faeces. Still I 
was confident that pneumonia was present; but the human 
doctor who was present, said, “ Oh, no ; it is dysentery.” 
“ Yes,” I replied, “ dysentery and pneumonia.” Seeing they 
were still unbelieving, I said, “ Let the animal be opened.” 
This being agreed to, we had the animal’s throat cut ; and I 
anxiously waited for the appearance of the lungs. The small 
intestines were throughout their whole course inflamed, and 
the lungs highly diseased, being partially hepatized, and in 
places tuberculated ; so that I think this is a malignant form 
of disease. Suppuration had not commenced, nor was there 
either effusions or adhesions in the thorax, I therefore incline 
to the belief that it is an epizootic. It may be an enzootic ; 
but I cannot assign a cause for the latter, whereas for the 
former I can give abundant causes. Firstly, diarrhoea is very 
prevalent. On my way here from Varna, a merchant, who 
contracts for government supplies, asked me to look at and 
prescribe for some cattle of his thus affected, I rode ten 
miles to see them, and ordered Mag. Sulp. in Aq. Menth. 
Pip. ; and most of them, he has since informed me, are now 
quite well. Then, again, these animals come from various 
parts of the country, have long marches, are irregularly fed 
and watered, exposed to cold, enduring fatigue, and then all 
