ADULTERATION OF FOOD, DRUGS, ETC. 551 
substitution. Again, the presence of a foreign substance in 
an article, in consequence of imperfect preparation, was a 
simple impurity or contamination. An adulteration might 
be defined as the intentional addition of an article to any 
substance, the presence of which was not acknowledged in 
the name under which that substance was sold. It would be 
desirable to specify those adulterations which were prejudicial 
to health, and those which were simply commercial frauds. 
As to the remedies to be adopted, he was disposed to repeat 
his former opinions, adding a further suggestion, that it should 
be rendered imperative on persons convicted of giving false 
weight, or selling adulterated goods, that they should keep 
a placard, exhibited in the most prominent part of their 
windows, for three, six, or nine months, containing the text of 
the judgment condemning them. 
The Chairman said that the Committee had received a 
letter from Dr. Normandy, one paragraph of which the Com- 
mittee had decided should be read. The paragraph was as 
follows — 
“ 1 told him (Mr. Robinson) that these samples would be 
no proof of Messrs. Gilbertson’s usual practice as bakers, 
but that I would call in a few days at his shop and choose a 
loaf there myself. I did so, and I never denied or affirmed 
that I analysed the samples which Mr. Robinson had brought 
me ; for, on account of the unsatisfactory result which the 
analysis of such samples would have given, I kept no memo- 
randum of it; but from the certificate, which it appears Mr. 
Gilbertson holds, it seems I analysed them, and that this 
analysis agreeing with that of my own sample, I gave him 
the certificate in question.” 
The Committee then adjourned, and it was understood 
that no further evidence would be received, the next meeting 
being to consider the Report. 
