582 PROGRESS OF VETERINARY SCIENCE AND ART. 
pericardium; it was wider at its apex than at its base ; its 
direction was vertical ; its right side looking forwards, the 
left backwards. The right auricle was larger than the left. 
The dissections of Weese showed that there were two superior 
cavae. The azygos vein opened into the right. The right 
auricle received the right superior cava and the inferior cava, 
whilst the left received the left superior cava and the pul- 
monary veins. The foramen of Winslow’ was still patent, and 
an imperfect septum ventriculorum allowed free communica- 
tion between those cavities. The pulmonary artery arose 
from the right ventricle, but the aorta took origin from both 
ventricles. The child lived from thirty-six to forty hours.” 
(Walter, tf Mus. Anat/) 
Biittner describes a case (‘ Anatom. Wahrnehmungen,’ 
Konigsberg, 1768,) which occurred in a female infant ; the 
heart was broad instead of pointed at the apex ; the trunks of 
the great vessels w 7 ere larger than usual ; a soft cuticular ring 
formed of smooth thin skin surrounded the heart at the point 
of junction with the sternum ; the pericardium was entirely 
wanting. 
“ In vol. vii of c Act. Helvet.’ may be found a case related 
by Sandifort. The heart, devoid of pericardium, had its base 
directed dowmw^ards, and its apex upwards and to the left 
side. No other deformity existed. The child lived more 
than a day. The greater part of the left, and the whole of 
the right auricle might be seen externally. The contraction 
of the heart was rather vermicular than vigorous. After death 
the sternum was found entirely absent, and the fossa in which 
the heart was lodged w 7 as formed by the intercostal muscles, 
covered internally by the pleurae, and externally by integu- 
ment.” 
u Cerutti (Geoffrey St. Hilaire) had a case of this form 
of ectopia, differing, however, from the preceding cases, in 
that it presented several other deformities. The heart had 
left the thorax through a fissure caused by the absence of the 
ensiform cartilage, and of the left tenth rib ; its base, deeply 
bifid, w r as directed dowmwards, and its apex was turned 
upw ards, and had become united by adhesion to the cranium. 
Several other remarkable anomalies existed.” 
A specimen is preserved in the museum of the Vienna School, 
and another is mentioned by Hering, as observed by a veteri- 
nary surgeon of the name of Hinkelmann. Both subjects w 7 ere 
calves, but the cases, being associated wdth partial opening 
up of the abdomen, belonged rather to those instances of com- 
plete division of the parietes of chest and belly w T ith retro- 
version and exposed state of all the thoracic and abdominal 
viscera. 
